寄生虫是连接所有生物的巨大n维营养网络的重要组成部分,其中,锻造生物多样性,深刻影响生态进化和寄主行为。在这个意义上,锥虫的影响仍然未知。这项研究的目的是确定大鼠锥虫的感染和丰富度,负鼠,和半干旱的卡廷加生物群落中的狗。我们将通过这些哺乳动物血液的无菌培养物获得的锥虫的DNA样本提交给微型外显子多重PCR,桑格,以及针对18SrDNA基因的下一代测序。进行了系统发育分析,以鉴定锥虫科的遗传多样性。香农,辛普森,equability,和β-多样性指数计算每个地点和每个哺乳动物宿主。通过血液培养和血清学测定对狗的锥虫感染进行了调查。Caatinga生物群落该区域的检查哺乳动物物种表现出巨大的锥虫属物种/基因型丰富度。十个去噪操作分类单位(ZOTU),包括三个物种(克氏锥虫,rangeli锥虫和mellificaeCrithidia)和一个锥虫。五种基因型/谱系(T.克鲁兹DTUTcI,TcII,和TcIV;T.rangeliA和B)和四个DTUTcI单倍型(ZOTU1,ZOTU2,ZOTU5和ZOTU10合并),以及13个扩增子序列变体(ASV),包括五个物种(T.克鲁兹,T.Rangeli,C.mellificae,Dionisii锥虫,和莱森尼锥虫),五种基因型/谱系(与ZOTU相同)和六种DTUTcI单倍型(ASV,ASV1、ASV2、ASV3、ASV5和ASV13),在单一和混合感染中被鉴定。鉴于在来自不同分类单元的其他哺乳动物中发现了与单个宿主相关的物种,我们观察到锥虫虫具有广泛的宿主谱。锥虫和新的宿主-寄生虫关系之间的伴随感染已被报道,哺乳动物的这种巨大的多样性提出了问题,例如这如何影响这些动物的感染过程及其传播性。通过阳性血清学结果观察到,狗被克氏杆菌的感染率很高(2005年为92%,2007年为76%)。没有阳性的寄生虫学测试证实了它们的传染性潜力差,但它们作为T.cruzi传播的前哨宿主的重要性。
Parasites are important components of the immense n-dimensional trophic network that connects all living beings because they, among others, forge biodiversity and deeply influence ecological evolution and host behavior. In this sense, the influence of Trypanosomatidae remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine trypanosomatid infection and richness in rats, opossums, and dogs in the semiarid Caatinga biome. We submitted DNA samples from trypanosomatids obtained through axenic cultures of the blood of these mammals to mini exon multiplex-PCR, Sanger, and next-generation sequencing targeting the 18S rDNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic diversity in the Trypanosomatidae family. Shannon, Simpson, equability, and beta-diversity indices were calculated per location and per mammalian host. Dogs were surveyed for trypanosomatid infection through hemocultures and serological assays. The examined mammal species of this area of the Caatinga biome exhibited an enormous trypanosomatid species/genotypes richness. Ten denoised Operational Taxonomic Units (ZOTUs), including three species (Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Crithidia mellificae) and one Trypanosoma sp. five genotypes/lineages (T. cruzi DTU TcI, TcII, and TcIV; T. rangeli A and B) and four DTU TcI haplotypes (ZOTU1, ZOTU2, ZOTU5, and ZOTU10 merged), as well as 13 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), including five species (T. cruzi, T. rangeli, C. mellificae, Trypanosoma dionisii, and Trypanosoma lainsoni), five genotypes/lineages (same as the ZOTUs) and six DTU TcI haplotypes (ASV, ASV1, ASV2, ASV3, ASV5 and ASV13), were identified in single and mixed infections. We observed that trypanosomatids present a broad host spectrum given that species related to a single host are found in other mammals from different taxa. Concomitant infections between trypanosomatids and new host-parasite relationships have been reported, and this immense diversity in mammals raised questions, such as how this can influence the course of the infection in these animals and its transmissibility. Dogs demonstrated a high infection rate by T. cruzi as observed by positive serological results (92% in 2005 and 76% in 2007). The absence of positive parasitological tests confirmed their poor infectivity potential but their importance as sentinel hosts of T. cruzi transmission.