新型溴化阻燃剂(NBFR)已被开发为传统溴化阻燃剂(BFR)的替代品,例如多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)和六溴环十二烷(HBCD)。NBFR在水生环境中的流行引起了人们对它们类似于BFR的强烈关注。为了全面阐明NBFR在水生环境中的命运,这篇综述总结了物理化学性质,分布,生物蓄积性,和在水生环境中的命运。1,2-双(2,3,4,5,6-五溴苯基)乙烷(DBDPE)是主要的NBFR。电子垃圾回收站等工业点源的释放是NBFR进入环境的主要途径,这导致NBFR的区域分布存在显著差异。沉积物是归因于高疏水性的NBFR的主要汇。重要的是,NBFR浓度没有下降趋势,而多溴二苯醚在1970-2000年达到峰值,并逐渐下降。在现场研究和实验室研究中都报道了NBFR的生物积累,由活动区域调节,脂质含量,水生生物的营养水平,和NBFR的日志KOW。NBFR的生物转化显示出与BFR相似的代谢模式,包括脱溴,羟基化,甲氧基化,水解,和糖基化。此外,NBFR在水生食物链的营养放大方面显示出巨大的潜力,这可能对高营养级物种构成更高的风险。根系的被动吸收主导了植物对NBFR的吸收,其次是植物根和叶之间的针叶双向运输。这篇综述将为了解NBFR的当前污染特征提供支持,并为未来的研究提供重点。
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been developed as replacements for legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). The prevalence of NBFRs in aquatic environments has initiated intense concerns that they resemble to BFRs. To comprehensively elucidate the fate of NBFRs in aquatic environments, this review summarizes the physico-chemical properties, distribution, bioaccumulation, and fates in aquatic environments. 1,2-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl) ethane (DBDPE) as the major substitute for PBDEs is the primary NBFR. The release from industrial point sources such as e-waste recycling stations is the dominant way for NBFRs to enter the environment, which results in significant differences in the regional distribution of NBFRs. Sediment is the major sink of NBFRs attributed to the high hydrophobicity. Significantly, there is no decreasing trend of NBFRs concentrations, while PBDEs achieved the peak value in 1970-2000 and decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation of NBFRs is reported in both field studies and laboratory studies, which is regulated by the active area, lipid contents, trophic level of aquatic organisms, and the log KOW of NBFRs. The biotransformation of NBFRs showed similar metabolism patterns to that of BFRs, including debromination, hydroxylation, methoxylation, hydrolysis, and glycosylation. In addition, NBFRs show great potential in trophic magnification along the aquatic food chain, which could pose a higher risk to high trophic-level species. The passive uptake by roots dominates the plant uptake of NBFRs, followed by acropetal and basipetal bidirectional transportation between roots and leaves in plants. This review will provide the support to understand the current pollution characteristics of NBFRs and highlight perspectives for future research.