水产养殖者使用多倍体鱼来最大化产量,尽管会带来一些意外后果,包括行为和生理功能受损。鉴于益生菌疗法的益处(例如,改善免疫反应,增长,和新陈代谢),我们探索了益生菌补充剂(双歧杆菌的混合物,乳酸菌,和乳球菌),克服缺点。我们首先使用16S元编码(通过主坐标分析和PERMANOVA)检查了鱼肠道细菌群落组成,并确定了益生菌显着影响肠道细菌组成(p=0.001)。其次,我们研究了基因组干扰物(三倍体)和饮食补充剂(益生菌)如何影响孵化场饲养的奇努克鲑鱼(Oncorhynchustshawytscha)的基因转录和行为特征.来自四个治疗组的幼鱼(二倍体-常规饲料,二倍体益生菌饲料,三倍体-常规饲料,和三倍体益生菌饲料;n=360)进行了行为测定以测试活性,探索,恐惧症,捕食者逃避,侵略性/社会性,行为敏感性,和灵活性。在这些鱼里,与神经功能(神经发生/突触可塑性)相关的基因的转录谱以及应激反应和发育(生长/食欲)的生物标志物(i)进行了检查,并且(ii)通过主成分分析和一般线性混合模型用于描述行为表型。三倍体表现出更活跃的行为特征(p=0.002),和那些在正常饮食有更大的神经肽Y转录(p=0.02)。生长基因(早期生长反应蛋白1,p=0.02)和长期神经发育基因(神经源性分化因子,p=0.003和突触体相关蛋白25-a,p=0.005)影响活动和反应概况,分别。总的来说,我们的益生菌治疗不能补偿三倍体.我们的研究突出了行为转录组学在识别候选基因和动态,与复杂行为库的机械关联。
Aquaculturists use polyploid fish to maximize production albeit with some unintended consequences including compromised behaviors and physiological function. Given benefits of probiotic therapies (e.g., improved immune response, growth, and metabolism), we explored probiotic supplementation (mixture of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus), to overcome drawbacks. We first examined fish gut bacterial community composition using 16S metabarcoding (via principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA) and determined probiotics significantly impacted gut bacteria composition (p = 0.001). Secondly, we examined how a genomic disruptor (
triploidy) and diet supplements (probiotics) impact gene transcription and behavioral profiles of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juveniles from four treatment groups (diploid-regular feed, diploid-probiotic feed, triploid-regular feed, and triploid-probiotic feed; n = 360) underwent behavioral assays to test activity, exploration, neophobia, predator evasion, aggression/sociality, behavioral sensitivity, and flexibility. In these fish, transcriptional profiles for genes associated with neural functions (neurogenesis/synaptic plasticity) and biomarkers for stress response and development (growth/appetite) were (i) examined across treatments and (ii) used to describe behavioral phenotypes via principal component analyses and general linear mixed models. Triploids exhibited a more active behavioral profile (p = 0.002), and those on a regular diet had greater Neuropeptide Y transcription (p = 0.02). A growth gene (early growth response protein 1, p = 0.02) and long-term neural development genes (neurogenic differentiation factor, p = 0.003 and synaptysomal-associated protein 25-a, p = 0.005) impacted activity and reactionary profiles, respectively. Overall, our probiotic treatment did not compensate for
triploidy. Our research highlights novel applications of behavioral transcriptomics for identifying candidate genes and dynamic, mechanistic associations with complex behavioral repertoires.