背景:附睾肿瘤,尤其是恶性肿瘤,发病率低,在我们的临床工作中很少见。然而,他们可能进展迅速,预后不良。对于这种发病率极低的罕见临床病例,由于它们容易误诊和漏诊,预后很差,临床工作者需要特别注意和考虑原发性附睾恶性肿瘤的可能性。
方法:一名来自亚洲的63岁中国男性患者因阴囊疼痛入院。经检查,在右附睾区发现异常病变。经过全面评估,进行了手术切除,术后病理结果证实存在附睾腺癌。在进一步排除继发性病变后,考虑原发性附睾腺癌。在腹腔镜下进行右腹膜后淋巴结清扫术治疗,术后1/11淋巴结转移。患者目前正在密切随访。
结论:原发性附睾恶性肿瘤的临床病例数非常有限,目前没有标准化的诊断和治疗过程,对于化疗等不同治疗方案的有效性缺乏系统的评估方法,放射治疗,免疫疗法,和靶向治疗。此外,结果很难预测。在这篇文章中,复习相关文献,系统阐述附睾恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗,希望为相关专家提供有用的信息。
BACKGROUND: Epididymal tumors, especially malignant tumors, have low incidence and are rare in our clinical work. However, they may progress quickly and have poor prognosis. For such rare clinical cases with extremely low incidence rates, and as they are prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis and have a very poor prognosis, clinical workers need to pay special attention and consider the possibility of primary epididymal malignant tumors.
METHODS: A 63-year-old Chinese male patient from Asia was admitted due to scrotal pain. Upon examination, an abnormal lesion was found in the right epididymal region. After thorough evaluation, surgical resection was performed, and the postoperative pathological result confirmed the presence of epididymal adenocarcinoma. After further ruling out secondary lesions, primary epididymal adenocarcinoma was considered. Right retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed under laparoscopic for treatment, and 1/11 lymph node metastasis was detected after surgery. The patient is currently under close follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: The number of clinical cases of primary epididymal malignant tumors is very limited, there is currently no standardized diagnosis and treatment process, and there is a lack of systematic evaluation methods regarding the effectiveness of different treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In addition, the outcome is difficult to predict. In this article, we reviewed relevant literature and systematically elaborated on the diagnosis and treatment of epididymal malignant tumors, hoping to provide useful information for relevant experts.