背景:尽管全球道路交通伤害和死亡人数有所下降,存在巨大的国家和地方异质性,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)。加纳是非洲少数几个收集全面、关于机动车碰撞(MVCs)的空间详细数据。这些数据是提高道路安全性的关键一步,因为准确可靠的信息对于制定有针对性的对策至关重要。
方法:这里,我们使用ArcGIS中新兴的热点分析来分析16年的警察报告数据,以识别具有伤害严重程度增加趋势的热点(MVC的加权综合度量,轻伤,重伤,和死亡),以及受伤的数量,重伤,加纳城市和农村地区主要道路上的死亡人数。
结果:我们发现,随着时间的推移,加纳的伤害严重程度指数总和和轻伤计数显着下降,而严重伤害和死亡计数则没有下降。表明后者应成为道路安全工作的重点。我们识别新的,连续的,加剧,2.65%的城市道路和4.37%的农村公路持续热点。就农村地区主要道路的严重程度和频率而言,热点地区正在加剧。
结论:一些关键路段,特别是在农村地区,显示道路交通伤害严重程度升高,保证有针对性的干预措施。我们评估MVC时空趋势的方法,道路交通伤害,LMIC中的死亡包括在其他国家复制和适应的足够细节,这对针对性对策和跟踪进度很有用。
BACKGROUND: Although road traffic injuries and deaths have decreased globally, there is substantial national and sub-national heterogeneity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Ghana is one of few countries in Africa collecting comprehensive, spatially detailed data on motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). This data is a critical step towards improving roadway safety, as accurate and reliable information is essential for devising targeted countermeasures.
METHODS: Here, we analyze 16 years of police-report data using emerging hot spot analysis in ArcGIS to identify hot spots with trends of increasing injury severity (a weighted composite measure of MVCs, minor injuries, severe injuries, and deaths), and counts of injuries, severe injuries, and deaths along major roads in urban and rural areas of Ghana.
RESULTS: We find injury severity index sums and minor injury counts are significantly decreasing over time in Ghana while severe injury and death counts are not, indicating the latter should be the focus for road safety efforts. We identify new, consecutive, intensifying, and persistent hot spots on 2.65% of urban roads and 4.37% of rural roads. Hot spots are intensifying in terms of severity and frequency on major roads in rural areas.
CONCLUSIONS: A few key road sections, particularly in rural areas, show elevated levels of road traffic injury severity, warranting targeted interventions. Our method for evaluating spatiotemporal trends in MVC, road traffic injuries, and deaths in a LMIC includes sufficient detail for replication and adaptation in other countries, which is useful for targeting countermeasures and tracking progress.