城市雨水输送溶解的污染物,微污染物,颗粒物,天然碎片,和人为的大型碎片到接收水。尽管人们普遍认识到,雨水动员的人为宏观碎片有助于全球污染管理问题(例如,海洋垃圾补丁),这些材料通常不是雨水采样活动的重点。此外,宏观碎片会导致下水道系统堵塞,加剧洪水和公共健康危害。由于其工程结构排水直接连接的不透水区域(例如,流域,入口,和管道),道路提供了一个独特的机会,以减轻大型垃圾在雨水中的输送。优化控制措施,需要数据来了解道路径流中宏观碎片的预期体积和质量。为了解决这个知识差距,在美国俄亥俄州进行了一项现场监测研究,以量化质量,volume,和通过道路径流运输的大型碎屑的水分含量。设计用于过滤大型碎片(即,直径大于5毫米的材料),同时保持排水,专门建造的插入物被部署在全州11个不同地理位置的渔获盆中。在两年的监测期内,每11.6天(平均)从插入物中收集宏观碎片样品。总的和分类的体积和质量(即,植被,香烟,塑料,玻璃,金属,木头,面料,砾石,和纸张)碎片的特征。每个采样窗口的平均总大型碎片体积和质量为4.62L和0.49kg,对应于8.56升/公顷/天和0.79千克/公顷/天的平均体积和质量负荷率,分别。天然碎片(例如,植被)是宏观碎片的主要贡献者(平均80.3%(即,平均4.66升总样品体积的3.94升)和79.7%(即,平均0.53kg总样品质量的0.42kg)总体积和质量,分别),由于落叶,秋季表现出季节性高峰。道路功能类(即,州际,主要动脉,和次要动脉路径),土地利用,和开发密度显著影响宏观碎片的生成,商业和住宅区附近的城市化州际公路沿线的总和分类宏观碎片增加。大型碎片水分含量变化很大(范围为1.5%至440%;平均78.5%),指示额外的管理(例如,干燥,在填埋之前可能需要固化)。本研究的结果为处理道路径流的其他雨水控制措施的预处理装置提供了宏观垃圾缓解策略和所需的维护频率。包括集水池插入件和水力分离器,在其他人中。
Urban stormwater conveys dissolved pollutants, micropollutants, particulate matter, natural debris, and anthropogenic macrodebris to receiving waters. Though it is widely recognized that anthropogenic macrodebris mobilized by stormwater contributes to global pollution management issues (e.g., ocean garbage patches), these materials often are not the focus of stormwater sampling campaigns. Furthermore, macrodebris can cause clogging of sewer systems, exacerbating flooding and public health hazards. Due to their engineered structures draining directly connected impervious areas (e.g., catch basins, inlets, and pipes), roads present a unique opportunity to mitigate the conveyance of macrodebris in stormwater. To optimize control measures, data are needed to understand expected volume and mass of macrodebris in road runoff. To address this gap in knowledge, a field monitoring study was conducted in Ohio (USA) to quantify the mass, volume, and moisture content of macrodebris transported by road runoff. Designed to filter macrodebris (i.e., material with diameter greater than 5 mm) while maintaining drainage, purpose-built inserts were deployed in catch basins at eleven geographically diverse locations across the state. Macrodebris samples were collected from the inserts every 11.6 days (mean) over a two-year monitoring period. Volume and mass of total and categorical (i.e., vegetation, cigarettes, plastic, glass, metal, wood, fabric, gravel, and paper) debris were characterized. Mean total macrodebris volume and mass were 4.62 L and 0.49 kg per sampling window, corresponding to mean volumetric and mass loading rates of 8.56 L/ha/day and 0.79 kg/ha/day, respectively. Natural debris (e.g., vegetation) was the primary contributor to macrodebris (mean 80.3% (i.e., 3.94 L of the mean 4.66 L total sample volume) and 79.7% (i.e., 0.42 kg of the mean 0.53 kg total sample mass) of total volume and mass, respectively), and exhibited seasonal peaks in autumn due to leaf drop. Road functional class (i.e., interstate, principal arterial, and minor arterial routes), land use, and development density significantly impacted macrodebris generation, with increased total and categorical macrodebris along urbanized interstate highways near commercial and residential areas. Macrodebris moisture content was highly variable (ranging from 1.5 to 440%; mean 78.5%), indicating additional management (e.g., drying, solidification) may be required prior to landfilling. Results of this study inform macrodebris mitigation strategies and required maintenance frequencies for pre-treatment devices for other stormwater control measures treating road runoff, including catch basin inserts and hydrodynamic separators, among others.