背景:槟榔,A.Catechu的果实,是重要的中药材,是中国“南方四药”之首。主要化学成分是生物碱,酚类物质,多糖,氨基酸,和萜类化合物.花,叶子,儿茶的果实和种子具有很高的药用价值。然而,随着嚼槟榔的人出现不良反应,人们对槟榔使用的安全性有疑问。
目的:鉴于槟榔的药理学和毒理学的两个方面,本研究全面回顾了A.catechu不同部位的成分,药理学和毒理学的机制,以及剂量与药理学和毒理学之间的关系,以期为槟榔的安全应用提供新的参考。
方法:我们使用了“槟榔”,\"槟榔\",和槟榔中已知的生物活性成分,结合“天然活性成分”,“药理活性”,和“毒理学效应”作为在PubMed中搜索的关键字,WebofScience,截至2024年3月的ScienceDirect和CNKI。
结果:大量研究表明,低剂量槟榔具有驱虫等药理作用,抗炎,改善胃肠功能,降低血脂,预防动脉粥样硬化,抗抑郁症的性质。参与这些效应的重要机制是减少ROS的产生,抑制NADPH氧化酶的激活,增加抗氧化酶的活性,影响MAPK,AKT,TLR,NF-κB,Nrf-2,PI3K,STAT3信号通路,减少COX-2,IL-1βmRNA,MCP-1和ICAM-1mRNA基因表达,降低IL-6,IL-8,IGE水平,激活AMPK信号通路,改变细胞中的离子水平,增加Bax/Bcl-2比值。它干扰细菌的生化代谢过程。长期大量食用槟榔会对人体造成一些不良反应或相关恶性疾病。
结论:我们综述了槟榔的药理和毒理作用及相关机制。揭示了剂量与药理和毒理学作用之间的关系,并探讨了如何降低槟榔的毒性,提高槟榔的综合利用率。为研究槟榔与人类健康的关系提供参考,以及槟榔的安全合理使用和充分开发利用。
BACKGROUND: Areca nut, the fruit of A. catechu, is an important Chinese herbal medicine and is the first of China\'s \"four southern medicines\". The main chemical components are alkaloids, phenols, polysaccharides, amino acids, and terpenoids. The flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds of A. catechu contain high medicinal value. However, with the emergence of adverse reactions in people who chew areca nut, people have doubts about the safety of the use of areca nut.
OBJECTIVE: In view of the two sides of pharmacology and toxicology of areca nut, this study comprehensively reviewed the components of different parts of A. catechu, the mechanism of pharmacology and toxicology, and the relationship between dosage and pharmacology and toxicology, in order to provide a new reference for the safe application of areca nut.
METHODS: We used \"Areca nut\", \"Betel nut\", and known biologically active ingredients in areca nut, combined with \"natural active ingredients\", \"pharmacological activity\", and \"toxicological effect\" as keywords to search in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI up to March 2024.
RESULTS: A large number of studies have shown that low-dose areca nut has pharmacological effects such as deworming, anti-inflammatory, improving gastrointestinal function, lowering blood lipids, preventing atherosclerosis, anti-depression properties. The important mechanism involved in these effects is to reduce the generation of ROS, inhibit the activation of NADPH oxidase, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, affect MAPK, AKT, TLR, NF-κB, Nrf-2, PI3 K, STAT3 signaling pathway, reduce COX-2, IL-1β m RNA, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA gene expression, reduce IL-6, IL-8, IGE levels, activate AMPK signaling pathway, change the ion level in cells, and increase Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It interferes with the biochemical metabolic process of bacteria. Long-term consumption of areca nut in large quantities will cause some adverse reactions or related malignant diseases to the human body.
CONCLUSIONS: We reviewed the pharmacological and toxicological effects and related mechanisms of areca nut, revealed the relationship between dose and pharmacological and toxicological effects, and discussed how to reduce the toxicity of areca nut and improve the comprehensive utilization of areca nut. It provides a reference for the study of the relationship between areca nut and human health, as well as the safe and rational use and full development and utilization of areca nut.