背景:污染者付费原则(PPP)旨在将外部成本内部化,并将污染者对其产品对社会的有害成本的责任分配给污染者。烟草公司继续制造和销售有害香烟,每年从这些产品中赚取数十亿美元的利润。同时,政府和他们的人民不得不“清理”并处理有害的健康后果。本文与专家利益相关者一起探讨了如何在英国(UK)的烟草控制背景下实施PPP。
方法:与英国和国际烟草控制专家进行了24次半结构化访谈和两个后续讨论小组,公共卫生,经济学,或者学术界的法律,public,私人和第三部门。与会者考虑了在英国实施PPP以控制烟草的促进因素和障碍。采用了主题分析,在NVivo12的帮助下,对数据进行了比较,以检查不同类型专家表达的观点。
结果:利益攸关方赞成在烟草控制的背景下实施PPP,并表示实施PPP是可以接受和可行的,并且可能会得到决策者和公众的支持。利益相关者一致认为,任何立法和行政管理都应不受烟草业的影响;然而,在谁应该监督实施方面出现了分歧。
结论:来自环境法的PPP主要被视为一种可以有效应用于烟草行业的方法。然而,没有一个尺寸适合所有的模板,因此,它的实施需要适应英国的情况。
The polluter\'s pay principle (PPP) aims to internalise external costs and assign liability to the polluter for the harmful cost of their products to society. Tobacco companies continue to manufacture and sell harmful cigarettes, earning billions in profits each year from these products. Meanwhile, governments and their people are left to \'clean up\' and deal with the detrimental health consequences. This paper explores with expert stakeholders how the PPP could be implemented within the context of tobacco control in the United Kingdom (UK).
Twenty-four semi-structured interviews and two follow-up discussion groups were conducted with UK and international experts on tobacco control, public health, economics, or law from the academic, public, private and third sector. Participants considered the facilitators and barriers to implementing the PPP to tobacco control in the UK. Thematic analysis was employed, aided by NVivo 12, and data were compared to examine the views expressed by the different types of experts.
Stakeholders favoured the implementation of the PPP in the context of tobacco control and indicated that it could be acceptable and feasible to implement and that it would likely have support from policymakers and the public alike. Stakeholders unanimously agreed that any legislation and administration should be free from tobacco industry influence; however, differences arose concerning who should oversee the implementation.
The PPP from environmental law was predominantly seen as an approach that could be usefully applied to the tobacco industry. However, there is no one size fits all template, therefore its implementation would need to be adapted to fit the UK context.