■进行这项研究是为了确定NKX2-1参与的生物学过程,从而确定其在肺鳞状细胞癌(LUSC)发展中的作用,以改善LUSC的预后和治疗。
来自癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)的LUSC的原始RNA测序(RNA-seq)数据用于生物信息学分析以表征肿瘤和正常组织中的NKX2-1表达水平。Kaplan-Meier曲线生存分析,随时间变化的接收机工作特性(ROC)曲线,并使用列线图分析NKX2-1对LUSC的总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)的预后价值。然后,鉴定了差异表达基因(DEGs),和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG),基因本体论(GO),和基因集富集分析(GSEA)用于阐明可能参与LUSC发展的生物学机制。此外,NKX2-1表达水平与肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)的相关性,肿瘤微环境(TME),免疫细胞浸润表明NKX2-1参与了LUSC的发生发展。最后,我们研究了NKX2-1对药物治疗的影响。为了验证NKX2-1在LUSC中的蛋白和基因表达水平,我们采用了免疫组织化学(IHC)数据集,基因表达综合(GEO)数据库,和qRT-PCR分析。
■NKX2-1在LUSC中的表达水平明显低于正常肺组织。它在性别上有很大的不同,阶段和N分类。生存分析显示NKX2-1的高表达在LUSC中具有较短的OS和PFS。多因素Cox回归模型显示NKX2-1表达是独立的预后因素。然后,列线图预测LUSC预后.在NKX2-1高水平组中有51个上调的DEGs和49个下调的DEGs。GO,KEGG和GSEA分析显示DEGs在细胞周期和DNA复制中富集。TME结果显示NKX2-1的表达与静息的肥大细胞呈正相关,中性粒细胞,单核细胞,T细胞CD4记忆静息,和M2巨噬细胞,但与M1巨噬细胞负相关。TMB与NKX2-1表达呈负相关。NKX2-1低水平组的药物治疗敏感性高,在NKX2-1低水平和高水平组中,免疫治疗没有显着差异。对GEO数据的分析证明了与TCGA结果的一致性。IHC显示LUAD和LUSC肿瘤组织中NKX2-1蛋白表达。同时,qRT-PCR分析指示与LUAD相比,LUSC中的NKX2-1表达水平显著较低。这些qRT-PCR发现与NKX2-1的共表达分析一致。
■我们得出结论,NKX2-1是LUSC预后和治疗的潜在生物标志物。NKX2-1在LUSC中的新见解仍需进一步研究。
UNASSIGNED: This study was performed to determine the biological processes in which NKX2-1 is involved and thus its role in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) toward improving the prognosis and treatment of LUSC.
UNASSIGNED: Raw RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of LUSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used in bioinformatics analysis to characterize NKX2-1 expression levels in tumor and normal tissues. Survival analysis of Kaplan-Meier curve, the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and a nomogram were used to analyze the prognosis value of NKX2-1 for LUSC in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to clarify the biological mechanisms potentially involved in the development of LUSC. Moreover, the correlation between the NKX2-1 expression level and tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune cell infiltration revealed that NKX2-1 participates in the development of LUSC. Finally, we studied the effects of NKX2-1 on drug therapy. To validate the protein and gene expression levels of NKX2-1 in LUSC, we employed immunohistochemistry(IHC) datasets, The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and qRT-PCR analysis.
UNASSIGNED: NKX2-1 expression levels were significantly lower in LUSC than in normal lung tissue. It significantly differed in gender, stage and N classification. The survival analysis revealed that high expression of NKX2-1 had shorter OS and PFS in LUSC. The multivariate Cox regression hazard model showed the NKX2-1 expression as an independent prognostic factor. Then, the nomogram predicted LUSC prognosis. There are 51 upregulated DEGs and 49 downregulated DEGs in the NKX2-1 high-level groups. GO, KEGG and GSEA analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in cell cycle and DNA replication.The TME results show that NKX2-1 expression was positively associated with mast cells resting, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells CD4 memory resting, and M2 macrophages but negatively associated with M1 macrophages. The TMB correlated negatively with NKX2-1 expression. The pharmacotherapy had great sensitivity in the NKX2-1 low-level group, the immunotherapy is no significant difference in the NKX2-1 low-level and high-level groups. The analysis of GEO data demonstrated concurrence with TCGA results. IHC revealed NKX2-1 protein expression in tumor tissues of both LUAD and LUSC. Meanwhile qRT-PCR analysis indicated a significantly lower NKX2-1 expression level in LUSC compared to LUAD. These qRT-PCR findings were consistent with co-expression analysis of NKX2-1.
UNASSIGNED: We conclude that NKX2-1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis and treatment LUSC. A new insights of NKX2-1 in LUSC is still needed further research.