面对不同的气候,保持热平衡的外热应该能够在广泛的栖息地定居。在蜥蜴中,体温调节通常表现为缓冲外部对生理影响的各种行为。沐浴物种依靠太阳辐射来提高体温,通常表现出较高的体温调节精度。相比之下,不晒太阳的物种通常受到其栖息地气候条件的限制,因此温度调节精度较低。虽然人们非常关注平均栖息地温度的影响,人们对季节性如何在宏观生态尺度上影响蜥蜴的热生物学的了解相对较少。考虑到当前的气候危机,评估蜥蜴如何应对环境温度的时间变化对于更好地了解这些生物在气候变化下的表现至关重要。活动体温(Tb)代表动物在活动期间(即实现的热生态位)自然测量的内部温度。和优选的体温(Tpref)是由动物在缺乏体温调节成本的实验室热梯度(即基本热生态位)中选择的那些。这两个特征构成了热生态学研究的主体,并且经常在季节性背景下进行研究。在这项研究中,我们使用荟萃分析来测试环境温度季节性如何影响温度调节策略不同的蜥蜴Tb和Tpref的季节性变化(晒太阳和不晒太阳).基于来自137个物种的333个效应大小,我们发现Tb在不同季节的变化幅度大于Tpref。Tb的变化不受环境温度季节性的影响;然而,体型和体温调节策略介导的Tb反应。具体来说,较大的物种受到Tb较大的季节性变化,与非晒太阳物种相比,晒太阳物种在Tb中的季节性变化更大。另一方面,无论体型大小如何,Tpref的季节性变化都随着环境温度的季节性而增加。体温调节策略也影响了Tpref,表明行为在介导Tpref对热景观季节性变化的反应中具有重要作用。在控制了系统发育效应之后,我们发现Tb和Tpref在蜥蜴家族中差异很大。一起来看,我们的结果支持这样的观点,即热生物学响应和气候参数之间的关系可以是分类单元和性状相关的。我们的结果还展示了在宏观生态学研究中考虑生态和行为方面的重要性。我们进一步强调当前的系统性,地理,和热生态学研究的知识空白。我们的工作应该有益于那些旨在更全面地了解季节性如何影响蜥蜴热生物学的人,最终有助于阐明体外温度敏感性状的演变。
Ectotherms that maintain thermal balance in the face of varying climates should be able to colonise a wide range of habitats. In lizards, thermoregulation usually appears as a variety of behaviours that buffer external influences over physiology. Basking species rely on solar radiation to raise body temperatures and usually show high thermoregulatory precision. By contrast, species that do not bask are often constrained by climatic conditions in their habitats, thus having lower thermoregulatory precision. While much focus has been given to the effects of mean habitat temperatures, relatively less is known about how seasonality affects the thermal biology of lizards on a macroecological scale. Considering the current climate crisis, assessing how lizards cope with temporal variations in environmental temperature is essential to understand better how these organisms will fare under climate change. Activity body temperatures (Tb ) represent the internal temperature of an animal measured in nature during its active period (i.e. realised thermal niche), and preferred body temperatures (Tpref ) are those selected by an animal in a laboratory thermal gradient that lacks thermoregulatory costs (i.e. fundamental thermal niche). Both traits form the bulk of thermal ecology research and are often studied in the context of seasonality. In this study, we used a meta-analysis to test how environmental temperature seasonality influences the seasonal variation in the Tb and Tpref of lizards that differ in thermoregulatory strategy (basking versus non-basking). Based on 333 effect sizes from 137 species, we found that Tb varied over a greater magnitude than Tpref across seasons. Variations in Tb were not influenced by environmental temperature seasonality; however, body size and thermoregulatory strategy mediated Tb responses. Specifically, larger species were subjected to greater seasonal variations in Tb , and basking species endured greater seasonal variations in Tb compared to non-basking species. On the other hand, the seasonal variation in Tpref increased with environmental temperature seasonality regardless of body size. Thermoregulatory strategy also influenced Tpref , suggesting that behaviour has an important role in mediating Tpref responses to seasonal variations in the thermal landscape. After controlling for phylogenetic effects, we showed that Tb and Tpref varied significantly across lizard families. Taken together, our results support the notion that the relationship between thermal biology responses and climatic parameters can be taxon and trait dependent. Our results also showcase the importance of considering ecological and behavioural aspects in macroecological studies. We further highlight current systematic, geographical, and knowledge gaps in thermal ecology research. Our work should benefit those who aim to understand more fully how seasonality shapes thermal biology in lizards, ultimately contributing to the goal of elucidating the evolution of temperature-sensitive traits in ectotherms.