水和沉积物之间的比较分析可以提供更好的信息,以了解河流的居民微生物组及其各自的抗生素抗性基因的动态。因此,进行本调查是为了探索恒河水和沉积物中细菌微生物组及其预测抗生素抗性基因(ARG)的有限信息。该研究利用了先前以登录号(PRJNA847424和PRJNA892876)提交的基于NGS的序列。总体分析显示,恒河的水和沉积物共有20个门和54个属。其中,观察到9个门和19个属存在显着差异(p值<0.05)。大多数属与水中的沉积物样品相关,这些沉积物样品在物种丰富度方面更加多样化。同样,水和沉积物样品之间共有76种ARGs。在十种丰富的抗生素抗性途径中,与水相比,沉积物样品中的七个相对丰富。万古霉素抗性基因在沉积物样品中明显更丰富,而β-内酰胺抗性基因在水和沉积物样品中均匀分布。网络分析进一步揭示了五个属(黄杆菌属,假单胞菌,不动杆菌,Candidatus_divisonCL5003和Candidatus_divisionSWB02)与六种抗生素耐药途径(β-内酰胺,万古霉素,多药耐药,四环素,氨基糖苷类,和大环内酯耐药途径)。这项研究得出了一些发现,在这些发现中,沉积物可能被认为是一个更残暴的栖息地,可以在恒河的水样中发展对威胁性抗生素的抗性机制。
A comparative analysis between water and sediment can provide better information to understand the dynamics of the inhabitant microbiome and their respective antibiotic resistance genes of a river. Therefore, the present investigation was carried to explore the limited information available on bacterial microbiome and their predictive antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from water and sediment of the Ganga River. The study utilized the NGS-based sequences previously submitted under the accession number (PRJNA847424 and PRJNA892876). Overall analysis revealed that twenty phyla and fifty-four genera were shared between the water and sediment of the Ganga River. Of them, nine phyla and nineteen genera were observed as significantly different (p-value < 0.05). Where the majority of the genera were associated with the sediment samples over the water that identify the sediment samples as more diverse for species richness. Similarly, seventy-six ARGs were shared between water and sediment samples. Of the ten abundant antibiotic resistance pathways, seven were relatively abundant in sediment samples as compared to the water. Vancomycin resistance genes were significantly more abundant among sediment samples, whereas β-lactam resistance genes were equally distributed in water and sediment samples. The network analysis further revealed that five genera (Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Candidatus_divison CL5003, and Candidatus_division SWB02) showed a significantly positive correlation with six antibiotic resistance pathways (β-lactam, vancomycin, multidrug resistance, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide resistance pathways). The study comes out with several findings where sediment may be considered as a more atrocious habitat for evolving the resistance mechanisms against threatful antibiotics over the water samples of the Ganga River.