In most self-determination theory (SDT) research, improving (de)motivating teaching styles provides numerous benefits for students and teachers, although there is less evidence of the latter. Although the recent circumplex model provides a fine-grained picture of the different (de)motivating teaching styles (i.e., autonomy support, structure, control, and chaos) that physical education (PE) teachers can use in their lessons, no previous motivational training programs have been based on this model. Moreover, all SDT-training programs have been implemented through different group sessions, but individual sessions have not been delivered. This study outlines the protocol of a motivational training program, derived from the circumplex model, designed to enhance motivating teaching styles (and prevent or decrease demotivating teaching styles) among PE teachers. Consequently, this program seeks to improve motivational variables and influence (mal)adaptive outcomes in both teachers and students. A randomised controlled trial design with a mixed-method approach. At least 16 secondary PE teachers will be assigned to either an experimental group or a control group, together with some of their students. The training program comprises four face-to-face group sessions and two follow-up sessions (one individual and one group session). PE teachers will learn how to support autonomy and provide structure, as well as to be less controlling and chaotic towards students. Over approximately five months, teachers will implement these motivational strategies during their PE classes. Different (de)motivating teaching styles, motivational variables, and (mal)adaptive outcomes will be assessed in both PE teachers and their students at three distinct points: before the training program (T1), during the intervention (T2), and at the end of the intervention (T3). Additionally, two discussion groups involving all experimental PE teachers will be held (one following the training program and another at the end of the intervention). The results from this study could be useful for developing motivational training programs for in-service PE teachers. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NTC06479369].

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of kindergarten teachers\' participation in training for preschool sex education in Luzhou city,and provide a basis for improving the sex education literacy of kindergarten teachers in the future. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was adopted,and a questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 on the knowledge,attitude,and practice of preschool sex education among all the teachers in 24 kindergartens in Luzhou city. Results Among the 461 teachers,43.0% had participated in lectures/courses/training activities related to preschool sex education;99.1% hoped to participate in lectures/courses/training activities related to preschool sex education;82.6% learned about child sexual knowledge through school education;75.5% expressed the hope to learn about child sexual knowledge through expert training.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that except private kindergartens as an inhibiting factor (OR=0.57,95%CI=0.37-0.87,P=0.008),high monthly income (OR=3.52,95%CI=1.13-9.30,P=0.011),more ways to know about sex education knowledge (OR=2.87,95%CI=1.76-4.70,P<0.001),and social support (OR=1.58,95%CI=1.04-2.38, P=0.030) were promoting factors for teachers to participate in the training for preschool sex education. Conclusion The kindergarten teachers presented a participation rate but a high demand for the training for preschool sex education.They mainly obtain the sex education knowledge from school education.The nature of kindergarten,monthly income of teachers,social support situation,and ways of understanding sex education knowledge are the key factors influencing the teachers\' participation in the training for preschool sex education.
目的 了解泸州市幼儿园教师参与幼儿性教育培训现状及影响因素,为今后提升幼儿教师性教育素养提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法,于2021年12月至2022年1月对泸州市24所幼儿园内所有教学教师进行《教师幼儿性教育知信行及相关情况调查》问卷调查。结果 在461名教师中,有43.0%的教师参加过幼儿性教育相关讲座/课程/培训活动,99.1%的教师希望能够参加幼儿性教育相关讲座/课程/培训活动,82.6%的教师通过学校教育了解幼儿性知识,75.5%的教师表示希望通过专家培训了解幼儿性知识。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,除私立幼儿园是幼儿教师参与幼儿性教育培训的抑制因素外(OR=0.57,95%CI=0.37~0.87,P=0.008),幼儿教师月收入高(OR=3.52,95%CI=1.13~9.30,P=0.011)、了解幼儿性教育相关知识的途径多(OR=2.87,95%CI=1.76~4.70,P<0.001)、社会支持总分较好(OR=1.58,95%CI=1.04~2.38,P=0.030)均是幼儿教师参与幼儿性教育培训的促进因素。结论 教师参与幼儿性教育培训参与率较低而需求高,性教育知识来源途径主要为传统的学校教育,幼儿园性质、教师月平均收入、幼儿性教育相关知识的了解途径数目、社会支持情况是教师参与幼儿性教育培训的重要因素。.

BACKGROUND: Vulnerable children, including those with neuro-developmental delays and disabilities, often face barriers in accessing early primary education, thus hindering progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 4.2. Evidence-based interventions are essential to enhancing inclusivity and establishing sustainable implementation strategies to address this challenge. This study, Every Newborn-Reach up Early Education Intervention for All Children (EN-REACH), builds on the previous Every Newborn- Simplified Measurement Integrating Longitudinal Neurodevelopmental and Growth (EN-SMILING) observational cohort study. This paper provides the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting group intervention program for enhancing school readiness in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Tanzania, and an embedded process evaluation to inform scalability and feasibility.
METHODS: EN-REACH is a cRCT with at least 150 clusters to evaluate the impact of a parent training program led by trained parent-teacher facilitator pairs, focusing on children aged 4 ~ 6 years preparing for preschool. Approximately 500 participants from the EN-SMILING cohort at each site have been identified. A geographic information system will define ~ 50 clusters in each of the three countries, each with approximately ten parent-child dyads. Half the clusters will be randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The primary outcome is \"school readiness\", assessed using the Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes tool. Secondary outcomes include Intelligence Quotient, child functioning, growth, visual, and hearing assessments. Data will be collected at baseline, and post-intervention data following implementation of the parent group intervention sessions over approximately 5 months. Quantitative data on coverage and quality care, combined with qualitative insights from children, caregivers, facilitators, and stakeholders\' perspectives, will be used to conduct a process evaluation applying the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.  DISCUSSION: This protocol details a trial focused on enhancing school readiness and cognitive abilities in young children, inclusive of those with disabilities, aiming to bridge gap from home to early primary education. EN-REACH aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and acceptability of a co-designed disability-inclusive school readiness program in three countries, potentially impacting national and global policies for all children, including those with disabilities.
BACKGROUND: The trial was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on 29 February 2024 (NCT06334627).

UNASSIGNED: Vaccines are the basis of health of our communities since they prevent severe infectious diseases. However vaccination rates continue to decrease due to the spread of misinformation about their side effects, which enhances vaccine hesitancy and puts at risk public health. Introducing vaccines from the One Health approach can help to develop an integral understanding of their role and to apply critical ignorance as part of criticality to avoid vaccine hesitancy and raise trust in science. This paper presents a design on vaccination for secondary-education teacher training developed toward this goal.
UNASSIGNED: The design presented in this paper draws from previous studies on critical thinking, on vaccine rejection, and the One Health approach on other health issues in Secondary Education. The focus of this design is engaging secondary-education pre-service teachers in the practice of critical ignorance and criticality to assess diverse pieces of information on vaccination from the One Health approach.
UNASSIGNED: This study discusses the design principles and the activities of an original design that aims to provide Secondary Education teachers with some tools to introduce critical ignorance and criticality for addressing misinformation on vaccines by using the One Health approach.
UNASSIGNED: If secondary science teachers are going to successfully confront misinformation on vaccination in their science instruction, we need to develop and test designs and approaches that prepare them for this purpose. Critical ignorance plays a central role in managing misinformation; thus, such instruction should engage future teachers in critical evaluation of information on vaccination, as well as in the application of the One Health approach to take responsible actions.