BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer has been linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. Essential oils (EOs) are vital natural products of plants with various therapeutic and biological properties.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate and assess Tanacetum sinaicum essential oil\'s possible antiviral and anticancer properties, with a focus on its in vitro effects on human cervical cancer and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines.
METHODS: Tanacetum sinaicum EO was extracted via hydrodistillation (HD) and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of Hela (a human epithelial cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to assess the antiviral efficacy of EO against HPV-16 and 18, and anti-metastatic characteristics. The biological activity of EO was assessed using Autophage and Cell genotoxicity via the comet assay.
RESULTS: EO is mostly composed of chrysanthenyl acetate, thujone, and verbenol. The cell viability was reduced after 24 hours of incubation at doses from 100 to 400 µg/ml. Concentrations of 800 to 3,200 µg/ml significantly inhibit cell growth. After a 24-hour incubation period, doses ranging from 100 to 400 µg/ml reduced cell viability from 62 to 72%. Concentrations of 800 to 3,200 µg/ml significantly suppress cell growth by over 95%. In MCF7 and HeLa cell lines, EO lowered virus copy numbers in a dose-dependent manner, with higher concentrations of the oil inhibiting virus replication more effectively. EO treatment increased the number of autophagosomes/autolysosomes and acidic vesicular organelles in both cell lines. On the HeLa and MCF7 cell lines, EO demonstrated antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects. The results demonstrated that EO had dose-dependent genotoxic effects on both cancer cell lines, as evidenced by DNA damage.
CONCLUSIONS: Tanacetum sinaicum EO is a prospective source of natural bioactive compounds that can be employed in pharmaceutical and medicinal applications due to its antiviral, antiproliferative, anti-metastatic and genotoxic properties.

Tanacetum falconeri is a significant flowering plant that possesses cytotoxic, insecticidal, antibacterial, and phytotoxic properties. Its chemodiversity and bioactivities, however, have not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, several extracts from various parts of T. falconeri were assessed for their chemical profile, antioxidant activity, and potential for enzyme inhibition. The total phenolic contents of T. falconeri varied from 40.28 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g to 11.92 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g in various extracts, while flavonoid contents were found highest in TFFM (36.79 ± 0.36 mg QE/g extract) and lowest (11.08 ± 0.22 mg QE/g extract) in TFSC (chloroform extract of stem) in similar pattern as found in total phenolic contents. Highest DPPH inhibition was observed for TFFC (49.58 ± 0.11 mg TE/g extract) and TFSM (46.33 ± 0.10 mg TE/g extract), whereas, TFSM was also potentially active against (98.95 ± 0.57 mg TE/g) ABTS radical. In addition, TFSM was also most active in metal reducing assays: CUPRAC (151.76 ± 1.59 mg TE/g extract) and FRAP (101.30 ± 0.32 mg TE/g extract). In phosphomolybdenum assay, the highest activity was found for TFFE (1.71 ± 0.03 mg TE/g extract), TFSM (1.64 ± 0.035 mg TE/g extract), TFSH (1.60 ± 0.033 mg TE/g extract) and TFFH (1.58 ± 0.08 mg TE/g extract), while highest metal chelating activity was recorded for TFSH (25.93 ± 0.79 mg EDTAE/g extract), TFSE (22.90 ± 1.12 mg EDTAE/g extract) and TFSC (19.31 ± 0.50 mg EDTAE/g extract). In biological screening, all extracts had stronger inhibitory capacity against AChE while in case of BChE the chloroform extract of flower (TFFC) and stem (TFSC) showed the highest activities with inhibitory values of 2.57 ± 0.24 and 2.10 ± 0.18 respectively. Similarly, TFFC and TFSC had stronger inhibitory capacity (1.09 ± 0.015 and 1.08 ± 0.002 mmol ACAE/g extract) against α-Amylase and (0.50 ± 0.02 and 0.55 ± 0.02 mmol ACAE/g extract) α-Glucosidase. UHPLC-MS study of methanolic extract revealed the presence of 133 components including sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The total phenolic contents were substantially linked with all antioxidant assays in multivariate analysis. These findings were validated by docking investigations, which revealed that the selected compounds exhibited high binding free energy with the enzymes tested. Finally, it was found that T. falconeri is a viable industrial crop with potential use in the production of functional goods and nutraceuticals.

Two novel yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped and non-motile coryneform actinobacteria, strains VKM Ac-2596T and VKM Ac-2761, were isolated from a plant Tanacetum vulgare (Asteraceae) infested by foliar nematode Aphelenchoides sp. The strains exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Rathayibacter agropyri CA4T (99.71%), Rathayibacter rathayi DSM 7485T (99.65%) and Rathayibacter iranicus VKM Ac-1602T (99.65%). The pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between VKM Ac-2596T and VKM Ac-2671 towards the type strains of Rathayibacter species did not exceed 85.24% and 29.40%, respectively, that are well below the thresholds for species delineation. The target strains had key chemotaxonomic properties typical of the genus Rathayibacter, namely, the DAB-based peptidoglycan, rhamnose and mannose as the predominant sugars and a rhamnomannan in the cell, the major menaquinone MK-10 and fatty acids of iso-anteiso type, with a large proportion of anteiso-15:0. The strains showed clear differences from the recognized Rathayibacter species in several phenotypic characteristics, including the difference in the composition of cell wall glycopolymers. Based on the results obtained in this study and the data published previously, we provide a description of a new species, Rathayibacter tanaceti sp. nov., with DL-642T (= VKM Ac-2596T = LMG 33114T) as the type strain.

暂无摘要。

Plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in feed cause metabolic disturbances in farm animals resulting in high economic losses worldwide. The molecular pathways affected by these PAs in cells and tissues are not yet fully understood. The objective of the study was to examine the dose-dependent effects of orally applied PAs derived from tansy ragwort in midlactation dairy cows.
Twenty Holstein dairy cows were treated with target exposures of 0, 0.47, 0.95 and 1.91 mg of total PA/kg of body weight/d in control, PA1, PA2 and PA3, respectively, for 28 days. Liver tissue biopsy and plasma and milk samples were taken at day 28 of treatment to assess changes in metabolic pathways. A targeted metabolomics approach was performed to detect the metabolite profiles in all compartments.
The PA-affected metabolite profiling in liver tissue, plasma and milk revealed changes in three substrate classes: acylcarnitines (ACs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs). In addition, in the plasma, amino acid concentrations were affected by PA exposure.
PA exposure disturbed liver metabolism at many sites, especially devastating pathways related to energy metabolism and to amino acid utilization, most likely based on mitochondrial oxidative stress. The effects on the milk metabolite profile may have consequences for milk quality.

The increasing spread of ragworts is observed with concern. Ragworts like tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) or marsh ragwort (J. aquatica) contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) which may induce hepatotoxic effects. Grazing animals usually avoid ragworts if their pasture management is appropriate. Preserved feed prepared from ragworts contaminated meadows may, however, lead to a significant exposure to PA. Previous studies on toxicity of PA for dairy cows revealed inconsistent results due to feeding ragwort plant material which was associated with heterogeneous PA exposure and thus failed to conclusively deduce critical PA doses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to expose dairy cows (n = 4 per group) in a short-term scenario for 28 days with increasing PA doses (PA1: 0.47 mg PA/kg body weight (BW)/day (d); PA2: 0.95 mg PA/kg BW/d; PA3: 1.91 mg PA/kg BW/d) via oral administration by gavage of a defined PA-extract. While group PA3 was dosed with the PA-extract alone, groups PA2 and PA1 received PA-extracts blended in similar volumes with molasses to provide comparable amounts of sugar. Additionally, two control groups were treated either with water (CONWater) or with molasses (CONMolasses) to assess the effects of sugar without PA interference. While clinical traits including dry matter intake, milking performance, rectal body temperature, ruminal activity and body condition score (BCS) were not influenced by PA exposure, activities of enzymes indicative for liver damages, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), increased significantly over time at an exposure of 1.91 mg total PA/kg BW/d.

The chemical composition of plant individuals can vary, leading to high intraspecific chemodiversity. Diversity of floral chemistry may impact the responses of flower-feeding insects. Tanacetum vulgare plants vary significantly in their leaf terpenoid composition, forming distinct chemotypes. We investigated the composition of terpenoids and nutrients of flower heads and pollen in plants belonging to three chemotypes - dominated either by β-thujone (BThu), artemisia ketone (Keto) or a mixture of (Z)-myroxide, santolina triene, and artemisyl acetate (Myrox) - using different analytical platforms. We tested the effects of these differences on preferences, weight gain and performance of adults of the shining flower beetle, Olibrus aeneus. The terpenoid composition and diversity of flower heads and pollen significantly differed among individuals belonging to the above chemotypes, while total concentrations of pollen terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, and lipids did not differ. Beetles preferred BThu over the Myrox chemotype in both olfactory and contact choice assays, while the Keto chemotype was marginally repellent according to olfactory assays. The beetles gained the least weight within 48 h and their initial mortality was highest when feeding exclusively on floral tissues of the Myrox chemotype. Short-term weight gain and long-term performance were highest when feeding on the BThu chemotype. In conclusion, the beetles showed chemotype-specific responses towards different T. vulgare chemotypes, which may be attributed to the terpenoid composition in flower heads and pollen rather than to differences in nutrient profiles. Both richness and overall diversity are important factors when determining chemodiversity of individual plants and their consequences on interacting insects.

Intraspecific plant chemodiversity shapes plant-environment interactions. Within species, chemotypes can be defined according to variation in dominant specialised metabolites belonging to certain classes. Different ecological functions could be assigned to these distinct chemotypes. However, the roles of other metabolic variation and the parental origin (or genotype) of the chemotypes remain poorly explored. Here, we first compared the capacity of terpenoid profiles and metabolic fingerprints to distinguish five chemotypes of common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) and depict metabolic differences. Metabolic fingerprints captured higher variation in metabolites while preserving the ability to define chemotypes. These differences might influence plant performance and interactions with the environment. Next, to characterise the influence of the maternal origin on chemodiversity, we performed variation partitioning and generalised linear modelling. Our findings revealed that maternal origin was a higher source of chemical variation than chemotype. Predictive metabolomics unveiled 184 markers predicting maternal origin with 89% accuracy. These markers included, among others, phenolics, whose functions in plant-environment interactions are well established. Hence, these findings place parental genotype at the forefront of intraspecific chemodiversity. We recommend considering this factor when comparing the ecology of various chemotypes. Additionally, the combined inclusion of inherited variation in main terpenoids and other metabolites in computational models may help connect chemodiversity and evolutionary principles.

Introduction: The Tanacetum genus consists of 160 accepted flowering species thriving throughout temperate regions, mainly in the Mediterranean Basin, Northern America, and southwestern and eastern Asia. Tanacetum species bear a long-standing record of use in the folk medicine of indigenous tribes and communities worldwide, along with multitudinous applications in traditional cuisines, cosmeceuticals, and agricultural fields. Methods: Up-to-date data related to traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, toxicity and clinical trials of the genus Tanacetum were systematically reviewed from several online scientific engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciFinder, Wiley Online, Science Direct, and Cochrane library. Results and discussion: Over the past three decades, 241 metabolites have been isolated from nearly twenty species, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids and alkanes, aldehydes, volatile compounds, and naphthoquinones. Some unique metabolites have also been identified, such as the ceramides tanacetamide (A-D) from T. artemisioides, pyrethrins from T. cinerariifolium, and sesquiterpene lactones from several species. However, these secondary metabolites are still poorly studied despite in vitro clues highlighting their colossal pharmacological properties, especially as hypotensive, neuroprotective, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents. Scientific studies have validated some traditional claims of the plant, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anthelmintic, insecticide, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities, as well as against festering wounds, skin ulcers, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Other ethnomedicinal uses for arthritis, gout, rheumatism, anemia, and as a litholytic, antivenom and diaphoretic have not yet been supported and would constitute the subject of further research.

BACKGROUND: Artemisia argyi L., also known as mugwort, is a perennial herb whose leaves are commonly used as a source of traditional medicines. However, the evolution and structure of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) in A. argyi remain unclear. In this study, the mitogenome of A. argyi was assembled and characterized for the first time.
RESULTS: The mitogenome of A. argyi was a circular molecule of 229,354 bp. It encodes 56 genes, including 33 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes, and three pseudogenes. Five trans-spliced introns were observed in three PCGs namely, nad1, nad2 and nad5. Repeat analysis identified 65 SSRs, 14 tandem repeats, and 167 dispersed repeats. The A. argyi mitogenome contains 12 plastid transfer sequences from 79 bp to 2552 bp. Five conserved MTPTs were identified in all 18 Asteraceae species. Comparison of mitogenome between A. argyi and one Artemisia specie and two Chrysanthemum species showed 14 conserved gene clusters. Phylogenetic analysis with organelle genomes of A. argyi and 18 other Anthemideae plants showed inconsistent phylogenetic trees, which implied that the evolutionary rates of PCGs and rrna genes derived from mitochondrion and plastid were incongruent. The Ka/Ks ratio of the 27 shared protein-coding genes in the 18 Anthemideae species are all less than 1 indicating that these genes were under the effect of purifying selection. Lastly, a total of 568 RNA editing sites in PCGs were further identified. The average editing frequency of non-synonymous changes was significantly higher than that of synonymous changes (one-sample Student\'s t-test, p-values ≤ 0.05) in three tissues (root, leaf and stem).
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the gene content, genome size, genome comparison, mitochondrial plastid sequences, dN/dS analysis of mitochondrial protein-coding genes, and RNA-editing events in A. argyi mitogenome were determined, providing insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Asteraceae plant.