背景:对COVID-19大流行期间有效使用国际旅行措施的评估侧重于公共卫生目标,即限制病毒的引入和继续传播。然而,基于风险的方法包括将公共卫生目标与潜在的社会,经济和其他次要影响。因此,推进基于风险的方法需要更充分地了解有关此类影响的现有证据。
方法:我们对COVID-19大流行期间国际旅行措施的社会影响的现有研究进行了范围审查。应用标准化的旅行措施类型,和五类社会影响,我们检索了9个数据库,涉及公共卫生和社会科学的多个学科.我们确定了26项纳入研究,并审查了它们的范围,方法,旅行措施的类型,并分析了社会影响。
结果:这些研究涵盖了各种国家环境,重点关注高收入国家。研究了广泛的人群,在他们的出境或入境旅行中受到阻碍。大多数研究集中在2020年,当旅行限制被广泛引入时,但是对长期使用的更广泛影响的关注有限。研究主要使用定性或混合方法,适应公共卫生措施。大多数研究集中在旅行限制上,作为一种旅行措施,通常与国内公共卫生措施相结合,这使得很难确定其具体的社会影响。所有五类社会影响都被观察到,尽管人们非常强调负面的社会影响,包括家庭分离,工作机会减少,生活质量下降,无法满足文化需求。少数国家确定了积极的社会影响,例如恢复了工作与生活的平衡以及对安全和保障的看法增加。
结论:虽然国际旅行措施是COVID-19大流行期间最具争议的干预措施之一,鉴于它们的长期使用和对个人和人群的广泛影响,对其次要影响的研究仍然有限。如果要推进基于风险的方法,涉及公共卫生和其他政策目标之间的知情选择,有必要更好地理解这些影响,包括它们在不同人群和环境中的不同影响。
BACKGROUND: Assessment of the effective use of international
travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has focused on public health goals, namely limiting virus introduction and onward transmission. However, risk-based approaches includes the weighing of public health goals against potential social, economic and other secondary impacts. Advancing risk-based approaches thus requires fuller understanding of available evidence on such impacts.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of existing studies of the social impacts of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying a standardized typology of
travel measures, and five categories of social impact, we searched 9 databases across multiple disciplines spanning public health and the social sciences. We identified 26 studies for inclusion and reviewed their scope, methods, type of
travel measure, and social impacts analysed.
RESULTS: The studies cover a diverse range of national settings with a strong focus on high-income countries. A broad range of populations are studied, hindered in their outbound or inbound
travel. Most studies focus on 2020 when travel restrictions were widely introduced, but limited attention is given to the broader effects of their prolonged use. Studies primarily used qualitative or mixed methods, with adaptations to comply with public health measures. Most studies focused on
travel restrictions, as one type of
travel measure, often combined with domestic public health measures, making it difficult to determine their specific social impacts. All five categories of social impacts were observed although there was a strong emphasis on negative social impacts including family separation, decreased work opportunities, reduced quality of life, and inability to meet cultural needs. A small number of countries identified positive social impacts such as restored work-life balance and an increase in perceptions of safety and security.
CONCLUSIONS: While international travel measures were among the most controversial interventions applied during the COVID-19 pandemic, given their prolonged use and widespread impacts on individuals and populations, there remains limited study of their secondary impacts. If risk-based approaches are to be advanced, involving informed choices between public health and other policy goals, there is a need to better understand such impacts, including their differential impacts across diverse populations and settings.