尽管非正式护理提供的长期后果已经得到了很好的调查,很少有研究研究了老年人非正式护理提供的轨迹和社会经济,人口统计学,健康,以及与之相关的家庭特征。我们使用来自英国老龄化纵向研究的四波数据,6561名受访者随访6年(2012/3-2018/9).我们使用基于组的轨迹建模将人们随着时间的推移提供的护理分为有限数量的不同的护理轨迹。使用多项逻辑回归,然后,我们研究了与这些轨迹相关的特征。确定了四种不同的护理轨迹:“稳定密集”,\“增加密集\”,\"递减\",和“稳定不关心”。结果表明,尽管存在社会经济因素,人口统计学,以及护理轨迹上的健康差异(健康状况良好、社会经济地位较差的年轻女性更有可能在整个过程中接受密集护理),家庭特征是他们的主要驱动力。独居的受访者,没有孩子,没有活着的父母更有可能从不提供护理,而那些父母年龄较大,与健康状况不佳的成年人住在一起的人更有可能提供稳定的重症监护。此外,家庭特征的变化(例如,父母的死亡,寡妇,或伴侣健康的恶化)与表示随着时间的推移护理增加或减少的轨迹相关。总的来说,老年人进行非正式护理的轨迹是多种多样的,这些模式主要与家庭成员的可用性和健康有关,这表明需要因素是照顾承诺的最直接原因。
Although the long-term consequences of informal care provision have been well investigated, few studies have examined the
trajectories of informal care provision among older people and the socioeconomic, demographic, health, and family characteristics associated with them. We use data from four waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with 6561 respondents followed for 6 years (2012/3-2018/9). We used group-based trajectory modelling to group people\'s provision of care over time into a finite number of distinct
trajectories of caregiving. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we then investigated the characteristics associated with these
trajectories. Four distinct
trajectories of caregiving were identified: \"stable intensive\", \"increasing intensive\", \"decreasing\", and \"stable no care\". Results suggest that although there are socioeconomic, demographic, and health differences across the trajectories of caregiving (with younger women in good health and poorer socioeconomic status more likely to care intensively throughout), family characteristics are their main drivers. Respondents who live alone, with no children, and no parents alive are more likely to never provide care, whereas those with older parents and who live with adults in poor health are more likely to provide stable intensive care. Also, changes in family characteristics (e.g. death of parents, widowhood, or deterioration of the partner\'s health) are associated with trajectories representing increases or decreases in caregiving over time. Overall,
trajectories of informal caregiving undertaken by older people are varied and these patterns are mostly associated with both the availability and health of family members, suggesting that need factors represent the most immediate reason for caregiving commitments.