目的:以2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)为例,并将计划行为理论(TPB)用作概念模型。本研究旨在探讨主观规范(SNs)的影响,对行为的态度(ATT),以及对COVID-19期间公众定期接种疫苗意向的感知行为控制(PBC)。研究结果可以为相关政策制定者在类似事件发生时制定有针对性的健康教育干预计划提供一定的建议。
方法:2021年4月17日至5月14日,通过在线调查平台“WENJUANXING”进行了一项在线调查。采用多阶段分层整群抽样,2098名参与者(1114名男性;53.10%),平均年龄为31.22岁(SD=8.29)完成了调查。该调查涵盖了基于TPB的COVID-19期间公众未来定期接种疫苗意愿的影响因素。采用分层逐步回归分析不同变量对公众接种意愿的影响。
结果:公众接受COVID-19疫苗的意图(即,行为意图)在未来被视为因变量。性别,年龄,婚姻状况,教育水平,人均家庭月收入,疫苗相关知识,是否接受了COVID-19疫苗,主观规范(SNs),对行为的态度(ATT),和感知行为控制(PBC)作为自变量。这样,建立了分层逐步多元回归模型。从最终的模型中可以看出,性别,年龄,疫苗相关知识,疫苗接种,态度,SNs,和PBC都是未来公众接种疫苗意向的影响因素,R2=0.399,调整后的R2=0.397(p<0.001)。
结论:城规会在很大程度上解释了公众未来接受疫苗接种的意图,ATT和SNs是最重要的影响因素。建议制定疫苗干预计划,以提高公众对疫苗接种的认识和接受程度。这可以在三个方面实现,即,改善公众的ATT,SNs,和PBC。此外,性别的影响,年龄,疫苗知识,和以往的疫苗接种行为对疫苗接种意向应予以考虑。
OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was applied as an example, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (
TPB) was used as a conceptual model. This study aimed to explore the impact of subjective norms (SNs), attitude towards the behavior (ATT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on the intention of the public for regular vaccination during COVID-19. The outcomes can provide certain recommendations for relevant policymakers in developing targeted health education intervention programs in the event of similar events.
METHODS: An online survey was performed between 17 April and 14 May 2021, via the online survey platform \"WENJUANXING\". The multistage stratified cluster sampling was employed, and 2098 participants (1114 males; 53.10%) with a mean age of 31.22 years (SD = 8.29) completed the survey. The survey covered the factors influencing the public\'s intention to receive future regular vaccinations during COVID-19 based on
TPB. The effects of different variables on the public\'s vaccination intention were analyzed using hierarchical stepwise regression.
RESULTS: The public\'s intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., behavioral intention) in the future was taken as the dependent variable. Gender, age, marital status, education level, per capita monthly household income, vaccine-related knowledge, whether the COVID-19 vaccine was received, subjective norms (SNs), attitude towards the behavior (ATT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were used as independent variables. In this way, a hierarchical stepwise multiple regression model was developed. It can be seen from the final model that gender, age, vaccine-related knowledge, vaccination, attitude, SNs, and PBC were all influential factors in the public\'s intention to get vaccinated in the future, with R2 = 0.399 and adjusted R2 = 0.397 (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: TPB explains the intention of the public to receive future vaccinations to a large extent, and ATT and SNs are the most important influencing factors. It is suggested that vaccine intervention programs be developed to enhance public awareness and acceptance of vaccination. This can be achieved in three aspects, namely, improving the ATT of the public, SNs, and PBC. Furthermore, the influence of gender, age, vaccine knowledge, and previous vaccination behavior on vaccination intention should be taken into account.