系统性血管炎是最复杂和有问题的自身免疫性风湿性疾病,其特征是大的影响,中等,或者小血管。尽管对血管炎的免疫发病机制进行了深入研究,流行病学和病因学研究甚少。血管炎的主要诱因是环境,遗传,和各种感染因素。由于其症状的非特异性,因此对血管炎的诊断很复杂。血管炎会影响各种器官系统,症状突然或缓慢(数周至数月)发展。这项研究旨在分析哈萨克斯坦COVID-19大流行之前和期间,单个中心系统性血管炎患者的人口统计学和临床记忆特征。在阿拉木图市风湿病中心对80例18岁以上患者的病历进行了单中心回顾性研究。24名男性(30%)和56名女性(70%)的系统性血管炎的医疗记录,从2019年1月到2021年12月诊断,进行了分析。年龄,性别,器官系统受损,残疾,伴随疾病,疾病经验,实验室数据,和其他变量被记录。分析住院患者全身血管炎的记录。在2019-2021年登记的80例患者中,最常见的是IgA血管炎患者(n=32,40%),大动脉炎(n=17,21.25%),肉芽肿性多血管炎(n=12,15%)。Behçet病的诊断频率较低(n=9,11.25%)。全身性血管炎患者有肥胖前期(n=19),1级肥胖(n=13),和2类肥胖(n=2)。52例患者(65%)存在肌肉骨骼疾病。胃肠道,皮肤,45例(56.3%)记录到心血管疾病,37(46.3%),39例(48.8%),分别。只有8例患者(10%)有神经系统的影响。大多数患者的C反应蛋白升高(n=29,36.3%)和白细胞增多(n=33,41.3%)。三分之一的血管炎患者有流产史。肌肉骨骼,皮肤,胃肠,心血管疾病在全身性血管炎患者中很常见。肥胖是血管炎的常见合并症。合并症和流产使疾病过程及其管理复杂化。
Systemic vasculitides are the most complex and problematic autoimmune rheumatic diseases characterized by affections of large, medium, or small vessels. Although the immunopathogenesis of vasculitides is thoroughly studied, the epidemiology and etiology are poorly explored. The main triggers of vasculitides are environmental, genetic, and various infectious factors. Diagnosis of vasculitides is complicated due to the non-specific nature of their symptoms. Vasculitides affect various organ systems with abrupt or slow (weeks-months) development of symptoms. This study aims to analyze the demographic and clinical-anamnestic characteristics of patients with systemic vasculitides in a single centre before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan. A single-centre retrospective study of medical records of 80 patients above 18 years was conducted in the Almaty City Rheumatology Center. Medical records of 24 males (30%) and 56 females (70%) with systemic vasculitides, diagnosed from January 2019 to December 2021, were analyzed. Age, gender, damaged organ systems, disability, concomitant diseases, disease experience, laboratory data, and other variables were recorded. The records of hospitalized patients with systemic vasculitides were analyzed. Of 80 patients registered in 2019-2021, the most common were those with IgA vasculitis (n = 32, 40%), Takayasu arteritis (n = 17, 21.25%), and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 12, 15%). Behçet disease was diagnosed less frequently (n = 9, 11.25%). Patients with systemic vasculitides had pre-obesity (n = 19), class 1 obesity (n = 13), and class 2 obesity (n = 2). Musculoskeletal affections were present in 52 patients (65%). Gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and cardiovascular affections were recorded in 45 (56.3%), 37 (46.3%), and 39 (48.8%) cases, respectively. Only 8 patients (10%) had affections of the nervous system. Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (n = 29, 36.3%) and leukocytosis (n = 33, 41.3%). One-third of patients with vasculitides had a history of abortions. Musculoskeletal, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular affections are common in patients with systemic vasculitides. Obesity is a frequent comorbidity in vasculitides. Comorbidities and abortions complicate the disease course and its management.