发誓,或者使用禁忌语言,已被反复证明会引起痛觉减退。虽然在研究中已经观察到可靠的痛觉减退效应,咒骂影响疼痛的机制和最佳咒骂剂量仍然知之甚少。发誓对疼痛的影响的合理机理包括交感神经反应,情感,幽默,分心,侵略,状态解除抑制,心理流动,危险行为,和自信。现在还不知道这个词的强度有多大,语音量,频率,或时间影响疼痛调制。虽然大多数证据表明发誓在减轻急性疼痛反应方面的功效,这些研究利用了健康人群,并在实验室环境中进行了对照实验。相对而言,很少有人知道实验室发现如何在实践/临床上转化为不同的人群,各种剂量,和不同的疼痛慢性。有必要更好地了解机械基础和实际意义,以可行地实施咒骂作为对抗疼痛的治疗方式。以下小型审查的目的是概述目前关于发誓减轻疼痛的证据,推测合理的潜在机制,并讨论了优化现实翻译的可能性。最后,将讨论确定知识差距以帮助指导未来的研究。
Swearing, or the use of taboo language, has been repeatedly shown to induce hypoalgesia. While reliable hypoalgesic effects have been observed across studies, the mechanisms by which
swearing influences pain and the optimal dosage of
swearing remain poorly understood. Plausible mechanistic rationale for
swearing\'s impact on pain include sympathetic response, emotion, humor, distraction, aggression, state disinhibition, psychological flow, risky behavior, and self-confidence. It remains unknown how the intensity of the swear word, speech volume, frequency, or timing influences pain modulation. While the majority of evidence demonstrates the efficacy of
swearing at attenuating acute pain responses, these studies have utilized healthy populations with controlled experiments in laboratory settings. Comparatively, less is known about how laboratory findings translate practically/clinically to diverse populations, various dosages, and different pain chronicities. A greater understanding of mechanistic underpinnings and practical implications are necessary to feasibly implement swearing as a therapeutic modality to combat pain. The purpose of the following mini-review is to provide an overview of the current evidence on swearing for the reduction of pain, speculate on plausible underlying mechanisms, and discuss the potential for optimization of swearing for real-world translation. Lastly, identifying knowledge gaps to aid in directing future research will be discussed.