<b><br>Introduction:</b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the third most common cancer and the second cause of cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Its incidence has increased dramatically in people under 50 years of age (early-onset colorectal cancer; EOCRC).</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to compare two age groups of patients with colorectal cancer in terms of stage, prognostic factors, survival and incidence of recurrence.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> The study group consisted of 588 patients operated on between 1995 and 2005 at the University Hospital in Krakow in the Clinical Department of General, Oncological and Gastroenterological Surgery. A method of retrospective documentation analysis was used. Patients were divided into two age groups: up to forty years of age and between 45 and 65 years of age.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> Up to 40 years of age, stage IV colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 33.3% of patients, while between 45 and 65 years of age, it was diagnosed in 26.1%. Five-year survival differed according to tumour stage. In the two groups analysed, there was a significant difference between the survival curves (P = 0.00000). Also, comparing recurrence times in the paired group excluding cancer-independent deaths revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.006).</br> <b><br>Discussion:</b> The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased worldwide in young people under 50 years of age, and it is therefore recommended that the research presented here be studied, and that prognostic factors be analysed and multicentre prophylactic studies combined with health education of those at risk be encouraged. Cancer occurring in younger patients is characterized by advanced stage at diagnosis and five-year survival is lower and has a poorer prognosis. The availability is very important of early diagnosis to detect pre-cancerous and considered pre-cancerous conditions is important. This involves detecting lesions at a lower stage of the disease.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> The availability of early diagnosis to detect precancerous and considered pre-cancerous conditions is very important. This involves detecting lesions at a lower stage of the disease. Diagnosing colorectal cancer at an early stage and treating the pre-cancerous lesions will improve treatment outcomes, resulting in fewer metastases and longer survival and recurrence times.</br>.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was developed and evaluated for various malignancies. This study evaluated the clinical impact of the SII in patients with gastric cancer (GC) who received curative treatment.
METHODS: Patients who underwent curative resection for GC at Yokohama City University between 2005 and 2020 were chosen consecutively based on their medical records. SII was calculated as follows: platelet (cell/mm3 ×103)× neutrophil (cell/mm3)/lymphocyte (cell/mm3). Three measurements were obtained preoperatively.
RESULTS: In total, 258 patients were enrolled in this study. Based on the 3- and 5-year survival rates and previous studies, we set the cutoff value of the SII to 550. The 258 patients were classified into the SII-low (n=152) and SII-high (n=106) groups, respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 82.6% and 78.7%, respectively, in the SII-low group and 74.5% and 61.9%, respectively, in the SII-high group. There were significant differences between the two groups (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis of factors associated with OS, the SII was identified as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio=1.816; 95% confidence interval=1.075-3.069, p=0.026). Similar results were observed for recurrence-free survival. In addition, the incidence of postoperative surgical complications was 30.9% in the SII-low group and 45.2% in the SII-high group (p=0.019).
CONCLUSIONS: The SII was an independent prognostic factor for GC. Thus, the SII may be a promising biomarker for the treatment and management of GC.

OBJECTIVE: The survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has dramatically improved over recent decades. However, a disparity exists depending on the country and medical system. This study aimed to analyze the survival of infants with CHD until the age of 18 years using large-scale population data in South Korea and investigate the effect of neonatal conditions at birth.
METHODS: We retrospectively extracted the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data from January 2002 to December 2020. We included patients diagnosed with CHD who were less than one year of age. The follow-up duration was until their death or until they were censored before the age of 18 years. The CHD lesions were classified hierarchically (conotruncal, severe non-conotruncal, coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and others). Several neonatal conditions were adopted as risk factors.
RESULTS: Overall, 127,958 infants had been diagnosed with CHD and 2,275 died before the age of 18 years. The survival rate of infants with CHD during childhood was 97.9%. The highest childhood mortality rate was associated with non-conotruncal defects (19.7%), followed by conotruncal defects (10.2%). The significant risk factors for childhood mortality were complex CHD, pulmonary hypertension, birth asphyxia, small for gestational age, respiratory distress, pulmonary hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and convulsions.
CONCLUSIONS: The survival of infants with CHD has been favorable in South Korea. Several neonatal conditions are risk factors for childhood mortality. Individualized risk assessment and optimal treatment strategies may help improve their survival rate.

OBJECTIVE: Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgical resection represent the gold standard in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer. The Mandard tumor regression score (TRG) is widely used to evaluate pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of TRG in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free (DFS).
METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients who underwent oncological gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2007 to December 2019 for gastric adenocarcinoma was performed. Based on their TRG status they were categorized into two groups: good responders (TRG 1-2) and poor responders (TRG 3-5). Subsequent multivariable analyses were conducted.
RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included, whereby 15 (20.3%) were TRG 1-2. Neoadjuvant regimens for TRG 1-2 vs. TRG 3-5 were similar: MAGIC (53% vs. 39%), FLOT (40% vs. 36%), FOLFOX (7% vs. 15%, p = 0.462). Histologic types according to Lauren classification for TRG 1-2 vs. TRG 3-5 were: 13% vs. 29% intestinal, 53% vs. 44% diffuse and 34% vs. 27% indeterminate (p = 0.326). TRG 1-2 group exhibited significantly less advanced ypT (46% vs. 10%, p = 0.001) and ypN stages (66% vs. 37%, p = 0.008), alongside a diminished recurrence rate (20% vs. 42%, p = 0.111). The 3-year DFS was significantly better in this group (81% vs. 47%, p = 0.041) whereas the disparity in three-year OS (92% vs. 55%, p = 0.054) did not attain statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS: TRG 1-2 was associated with less advanced ypT and ypN stage and better DFS compared to TRG 3-5 patients, without a significant impact on OS.

Insights from public DNA methylation data derived from cancer or normal tissues from cancer patients or healthy people can be obtained by machine learning. The goal is to determine methylation patterns that could be useful for predicting the prognosis for cancer patients and correcting lifestyles for healthy people. DNA methylation data were obtained from the DNA of 446 healthy participants from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and from the DNA of normal tissues or from cancer tissues of 11 types of carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To correct for the batch effect, R\'s ComBat function was used. Using the K-mean clustering (k = 3), the survival rates of the cancer patients and the incidence of chronic diseases were compared between the three clusters for TCGA and KoGES, respectively. Based on the public DNA methylation and clinical data of healthy participants and cancer patients, I present an analysis pipeline that integrates and clusters the methylation data from the two groups. As a result of clustering, CpG sites from gene or genomic regions, such as AFAP1, NINJ2, and HOOK2 genes, that correlated with survival rate and chronic disease are presented.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Although temozolomide (TMZ)-based radiochemotherapy improves overall GBM patients\' survival, it also increases the frequency of false positive post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments for tumor progression. Pseudo-progression (PsP) is a treatment-related reaction with an increased contrast-enhancing lesion size at the tumor site or resection margins miming tumor recurrence on MRI. The accurate and reliable prognostication of GBM progression is urgently needed in the clinical management of GBM patients. Clinical data analysis indicates that the patients with PsP had superior overall and progression-free survival rates. In this study, we aimed to develop a prognostic model to evaluate the tumor progression potential of GBM patients following standard therapies. We applied a dictionary learning scheme to obtain imaging features of GBM patients with PsP or true tumor progression (TTP) from the Wake dataset. Based on these radiographic features, we conducted a radiogenomics analysis to identify the significantly associated genes. These significantly associated genes were used as features to construct a 2YS (2-year survival rate) logistic regression model. GBM patients were classified into low- and high-survival risk groups based on the individual 2YS scores derived from this model. We tested our model using an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) dataset and found that 2YS scores were significantly associated with the patient\'s overall survival. We used two cohorts of the TCGA data to train and test our model. Our results show that the 2YS scores-based classification results from the training and testing TCGA datasets were significantly associated with the overall survival of patients. We also analyzed the survival prediction ability of other clinical factors (gender, age, KPS (Karnofsky performance status), normal cell ratio) and found that these factors were unrelated or weakly correlated with patients\' survival. Overall, our studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the 2YS model in predicting the clinical outcomes of GBM patients after standard therapies.

The airborne transmission of bacterial pathogens poses a significant challenge to public health, especially with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This study investigated environmental factors influencing the survival of airborne bacteria, focusing on the effects of different carbon dioxide (CO2) and dust concentrations. The experiments were conducted in an atmospheric simulation chamber using the non-resistant wild-type E. coli K12 (JM109) and a multi-resistant variant (JM109-pEC958). Different CO2 (100 ppm, 800 ppm, 3000 ppm) and dust concentrations (250 µg m-3, 500 µg m-3, 2000 µg m-3) were tested to encompass a wide range of CO2 and dust levels. The results revealed that JM109-pEC958 exhibited greater resilience to high CO2 and dust concentrations compared to its non-resistant counterpart. At 3000 ppm CO2, the survival rate of JM109 was significantly reduced, while the survival rate of JM109-pEC958 remained unaffected. At the dust concentration of 250 µg m-3, JM109 exhibited significantly reduced survival, whereas JM109-pEC958 did not. When the dust concentration was increased to 500 and 2000 µg m-3, even the JM109-pEC958 experienced substantially reduced survival rates, which were still significantly higher than those of its non-resistant counterpart at these concentrations. These findings suggest that multi-resistant E. coli strains possess mechanisms enabling them to endure extreme environmental conditions better than non-resistant strains, potentially involving regulatory genes or efflux pumps. The study underscores the importance of understanding bacterial adaptation strategies to develop effective mitigation approaches against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in atmospheric environments. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the interplay between environmental stressors and bacterial survival, serving as a foundational step towards elucidating the adaptation mechanisms of multi-resistant bacteria and informing strategies for combating antibiotic resistance in the atmosphere.

Studies have found that 1/3 patients with acquired aplastic anemia have shortened telomere length, and the shorter the telomere, the longer the disease course, the more prone to relapse, the lower the overall survival rate, and the higher the probability of clonal evolution. The regulation of telomere length is affected by many factors, including telomerase activity, telomerase-related genes, telomere regulatory proteins and other related factors. Telomere shortening can lead to genetic instability and increases the probability of clonal evolution in patients with acquired aplastic anemia. This article reviews the role of telomere in the clonal evolution of acquired aplastic anemia and factors affecting telomere length.
UNASSIGNED: 端粒在获得性再生障碍性贫血克隆演化中的作用.
UNASSIGNED: 1/3获得性再生障碍性贫血患者端粒长度存在缩短，且端粒越短的患者病程越长、越易复发、总体生存率越低，出现克隆演化的概率越大。端粒长度受到多方面因素的影响，包括端粒酶活性、端粒酶相关基因、端粒调控蛋白等。端粒缩短导致遗传信息不稳定，使获得性再生障碍性贫血患者出现克隆演化的概率增加。本文就端粒在获得性再生障碍性贫血克隆演化中的作用及影响端粒长度因素的最新研究进展作一综述。.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of daratumumab based regimens in relapse and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the real world, as well as the impact of daratumumab on stem cell collection and engraftment.
METHODS: The clinical data of patients with RRMM who received daratumumab in hematology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from February 2019 to March 2023 and had evaluable efficacy were retrospective analysis.
RESULTS: All 43 RRMM patients were treated with daratumumab-based combination regimens, including Dd, DVd, DRd, Dkd, DId, and Dara-DECP. With median follow-up time 10.1 (2.1-36.6) months, the best overall response rate (ORR) was 74.4% and a best complete response rate (CR) was 25.6%. 1-year overall survival rate (OS) was 84.5%. The most common severe hematologic adverse events (Grade>3) are 3/4 grade leukopenia（18.6%）, and the most common severe non-hematologic adverse events were infusion-related reactions (IRRs， 20.9%) and infections（7.0%）. Multivariate prognostic analysis showed that extramedullary infiltration was an independent adverse prognostic factor affecting OS （P =0.004）. The use of daratumumab has no effect on stem cell collection, or engraftment.
CONCLUSIONS: Daratumumab is safe and effective in RRMM.
UNASSIGNED: 达雷妥尤单抗为基础的方案治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤的有效性及安全性：单中心真实世界数据.
UNASSIGNED: 探讨真实世界中以达雷妥尤单抗为基础的方案治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤（RRMM）的有效性和安全性，以及达雷妥尤单抗应用对干细胞采集和植入的影响。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾性分析2019年2月至2023年3月厦门大学附属第一医院血液科接受达雷妥尤单抗治疗且可评估疗效的RRMM患者的临床数据。.
UNASSIGNED: 纳入的43例RRMM患者均采用以达雷妥尤单抗为基础的联合方案进行治疗，包括Dd、DVd、DRd、Dkd、DId、Dara-DECP，中位随访时间10.1（2.1-36.6）个月,最佳总缓解率（ORR）为74.4%，最佳完全缓解率（CR）为25.6%，1年总生存率（OS）为84.5%。最常见的3/4级血液学不良反应为白细胞减少(18.6%)，最常见的非血液学不良反应主要为输注相关反应（IRRs，20.9%）和感染（7.0%）。多因素预后分析显示髓外浸润是影响患者OS的独立不良预后因素（P =0.004）。使用达雷妥尤单抗对干细胞采集及移植后干细胞重建没有影响。.
UNASSIGNED: 达雷妥尤单抗治疗RRMM安全有效。.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and prognosis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma（PCNSL）.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the relationship between clinical features, treatment regimen and prognosis in 46 newly diagnosed patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma who were diagnosed and treated in The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2015 to September 2022. Fisher\'s exact probability method was used to analyze the differences in clinical data of different subgroups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate of patients with different treatments, and the factors influencing survival were analyzed.
RESULTS: Among 46 patients with PCNSL, which pathological type were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma（DLBCL）. There were 26(56.5%) cases of male and 20(43.5%) of female, with a median age of 54(17-71) years. In Hans subtypes, 14 cases (30.4%) of GCB subtype, 32 cases (69.6%) of non-GCB subtype. 32 cases (69.6%) of Ki-67≥80%. Among 36 patients who completed at least 2 cycles of treatment with follow-up data, the efficacy evaluation was as follows: overall response rate(ORR) was 63.9%, complete response(CR) rate was 47.2%, 17 cases of CR, 6 cases of PR. The 1-year progression-free survival rate and 1-year overall survival rate was 73.6% and 84.9%, respectively. The 2-year progression-free survival rate and 2-year overall survival rate was 52.2% and 68.9%, respectively. The ORR and CR rate of 17 patients treated with RMT regimen was 76.5% and 52.9% (9 cases CR and 4 cases PR), respectively. Univariate analysis of 3 groups of patients treated with RMT regimen, RM-BTKi regimen, and RM-TT regimen as first-line treament showed that deep brain infiltration was associated with adverse PFS(P =0.032), and treatment regimen was associated with adverse OS in PCNSL patients（P =0.025）.
CONCLUSIONS: Different treatment modalities were independent prognosis predictors for OS, the deep brain infiltration of PCNSL is a poor predictive factor for PFS. Patients with relapse/refractory (R/R) PCNSL have a longer overall survival time because to the novel medication BTKi. They have strong toleration and therapeutic potential as a first-line therapy for high-risk patients.
UNASSIGNED: 原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的临床特征及预后分析.
UNASSIGNED: 探讨原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）患者的临床特征及预后。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾性分析2015年1月至2022年9月在本院收治的46例新诊断PCNSL患者的临床特征、治疗方案与预后的关系。运用Fisher 确切概率法分析不同亚组临床资料的差异，采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同治疗方案患者的总生存率（OS）和无进展生存率（PFS），并分析影响患者生存的影响因素。.
UNASSIGNED: 46例PCNSL患者病理类型均为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤，其中男性26例（56.5%），女性20例（43.5%），中位年龄为54（17-71）岁。Hans分型中，GCB亚型14例（30.4%），non-GCB亚型32例（69.6%），Ki-67≥80%者32例（69.6%）。36例完成至少2疗程治疗并有随访资料的患者，2疗程后疗效评估：完全缓解（CR）率为47.2%、总缓解率（ORR）为63.9%，其中达完全缓解17例，部分缓解（PR）6例，1年PFS率与1年OS率分别为73.6%和84.9%，2年PFS率及2年OS率分别为52.2%和68.9%。17例以RMT方案治疗的患者ORR为76.5%（13/17），CR率为52.9%（9/17）。对以RMT（利妥昔单抗/甲氨蝶呤/替莫唑胺）方案、RM-BTKi（利妥昔单抗/甲氨蝶呤/BTK抑制剂）方案与RM-TT（利妥昔单抗/甲氨蝶呤/塞替派）方案作为一线治疗的3组患者进行单因素分析显示，脑深部浸润与 PCNSL患者不良PFS相关（P =0.032），治疗方案与不良OS相关（P =0.025）。.
UNASSIGNED: PCNSL患者脑深部浸润是PFS的不良预后因素，治疗方案对OS有影响。新药BTKi的加入能够延长复发/难治PCNSL患者的总生存期，在高危患者的一线治疗中显示出其良好的耐受性及治疗潜力。.