■辅助生殖技术(ART)的进步导致妊娠携带者(GC)怀孕的增加。然而,GC妊娠的围产期结局仍未得到充分研究,需要更深入地了解其相关风险。
■评估与GC妊娠相关的母体特征和产科结局。
■对2023年10月31日之前出版的出版物进行全面系统的搜索,使用PubMed,WebofScience,Scopus,并进行了Cochrane图书馆数据库。
两位作者选择了一项研究,检查妊娠24周或更长时间的GC妊娠的产科特征和结局。结果信息不足的研究,关于代孕的数据不可用,非英语语言研究被排除在外。
■坚持系统评论和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目,2名调查人员提取并综合了定量和定性数据。固定效应和随机效应分析均用于汇总数据。
■主要结局是产科特征和结局,包括高血压疾病,早产,低出生体重。次要结局包括与GC妊娠相关的严重孕产妇发病率和死亡率。
■纳入了2011年至2023年的6项研究,涉及28300例GC妊娠和1270662例非GC妊娠。GCs占体外受精周期的2.5%(2374154个周期中的59502个)和ART妊娠的3.8%(701047个ART妊娠中的26759个)。与非GCART妊娠相比,GC妊娠更有可能通过冷冻胚胎移植受孕(优势比[OR],2.84;95%CI,1.56-5.15),两组之间的单胚胎移植率相似(OR,1.18;95%CI,0.94-1.48)。GCs很少是未产的(361例患者中有6例[1.7%]),与非GCART患者相比,更有可能发生多胎妊娠(OR,1.18;95%CI,1.02-1.35)。比较研究显示剖宫产的几率较低(调整后的OR[aOR],0.42;95%CI,0.27-0.65)和高血压疾病的可比比率(aOR,0.86;95%CI,0.45-1.64),早产(aOR,0.82;95%CI,0.68-1.00),和低出生体重(aOR,0.79;95%CI,0.50-1.26)在GC妊娠与非GCART妊娠中。相对而言,GC妊娠患高血压疾病的几率更高(aOR,1.44;95%CI,1.13-1.84)与一般(非GCART和非ART)妊娠,剖宫产风险相当(aOR,1.06;95%CI,0.90-1.25)。早产和低出生体重数据缺乏使用多变量分析的比较组。严重的孕产妇发病率和孕产妇死亡率在GCs中很少见。
■在本系统综述和荟萃分析中,尽管与非GCART妊娠相比,GC妊娠的结局略有改善,他们比一般怀孕的风险更高。促成因素可能包括ART程序和多胎妊娠率的增加,这会影响GC妊娠的不良围产期结局。
UNASSIGNED: Advancements in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have led to an increase in gestational carrier (GC) pregnancies. However, the perinatal outcomes of GC pregnancies remain understudied, necessitating a deeper understanding of their associated risks.
UNASSIGNED: To assess maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes associated with GC pregnancies.
UNASSIGNED: A comprehensive systematic search of publications published before October 31, 2023, using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted.
UNASSIGNED: Two authors selected studies examining obstetric characteristics and outcomes in GC pregnancies with 24 or more weeks\' gestation. Studies with insufficient outcome information, unavailable data on gestational surrogacies, and non-English language studies were excluded.
UNASSIGNED: Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, 2 investigators extracted and synthesized both quantitative and qualitative data. Both fixed-effect and random-effect analysis were used to pool data.
UNASSIGNED: The primary outcomes were obstetric characteristics and outcomes, including hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Secondary outcomes included severe maternal morbidity and mortality associated with GC pregnancies.
UNASSIGNED: Six studies from 2011 to 2023 involving 28 300 GC pregnancies and 1 270 662 non-GC pregnancies were included. GCs accounted for 2.5% of in vitro fertilization cycles (59 502 of 2 374 154 cycles) and 3.8% of ART pregnancies (26 759 of 701 047 ART pregnancies). GC pregnancies were more likely to be conceived by frozen embryo transfer compared with non-GC ART pregnancies (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% CI, 1.56-5.15), and rates of single embryo transfer were similar between the 2 groups (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94-1.48). GCs were rarely nulliparous (6 of 361 patients [1.7%]) and were more likely to have multifetal pregnancies compared with non-GC ART patients (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.35). Comparator studies revealed lower odds of cesarean delivery (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27-0.65) and comparable rates of hypertensive disorders (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.45-1.64), preterm birth (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-1.00), and low birth weight (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50-1.26) in GC pregnancies vs non-GC ART pregnancies. Comparatively, GC pregnancies had higher odds of hypertensive disorders (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.13-1.84) vs general (non-GC ART and non-ART) pregnancies with comparable cesarean delivery risk (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.90-1.25). Preterm birth and low birth weight data lacked a comparative group using multivariate analysis. Severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality were rare among GCs.
UNASSIGNED: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, although GC pregnancies had slightly improved outcomes compared with non-GC ART pregnancies, they posed higher risks than general pregnancies. Contributing factors may include ART procedures and increased rates of multiple gestations which influence adverse perinatal outcomes in GC pregnancies.