纺织业,随着染料和化学品的广泛使用,成为水污染的重要来源。接触某些纺织染料,例如偶氮染料及其分解产物,如芳胺,与皮肤致敏等健康问题有关,过敏反应,甚至是人类的癌症。每年,全球合成染料产量约为7×107吨,其中纺织业占一万多吨。低效的染色程序导致15-50%的偶氮染料的放电,不能充分结合纤维,变成废水。这篇综述深入研究了偶氮染料的遗传毒性影响,在纺织工业中普遍存在,水生生态系统和人类健康。检查结构中含有偶氮基的不同族的纺织染料,如苏丹I和苏丹III苏丹IV,碱性红51,碱性紫14,分散黄7,刚果红,酸性红26和酸性蓝113揭示了它们的致癌潜力,这可能会影响产业工人和水生生物。遗传毒性和致癌特征,染色体异常,诱导生理和神经行为的变化,精子发生的中断是显而易见的,强调这些染料的有害影响。该审查要求对偶氮染料的毒性特征进行全面调查,提供必要的见解,以保护水生生态系统和人类福祉。强调了有效的污水处理系统对于减轻对农业用地的不利影响的重要性,水资源,和环境,特别是在严重依赖废水灌溉进行粮食生产的地区。
The textile industry, with its extensive use of dyes and chemicals, stands out as a significant source of water pollution. Exposure to certain textile dyes, such as azo dyes and their breakdown products like aromatic amines, has been associated with health concerns like skin sensitization, allergic reactions, and even cancer in humans. Annually, the worldwide production of synthetic dyes approximates 7 × 107 tons, of which the textile industry accounts for over 10,000 tons. Inefficient dyeing procedures result in the discharge of 15-50% of azo dyes, which do not adequately bind to fibers, into wastewater. This review delves into the genotoxic impact of azo dyes, prevalent in the textile industry, on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Examining different families of textile dye which contain azo group in their structure such as Sudan I and Sudan III Sudan IV, Basic Red 51, Basic Violet 14, Disperse Yellow 7, Congo Red, Acid Red 26, and Acid Blue 113 reveals their carcinogenic potential, which may affect both industrial workers and aquatic life. Genotoxic and carcinogenic characteristics, chromosomal abnormalities, induced physiological and neurobehavioral changes, and disruptions to spermatogenesis are evident, underscoring the harmful effects of these dyes. The review calls for comprehensive investigations into the toxic profile of azo dyes, providing essential insights to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem and human well-being. The importance of effective effluent treatment systems is underscored to mitigate adverse impacts on agricultural lands, water resources, and the environment, particularly in regions heavily reliant on wastewater irrigation for food production.