腈水解酶代表一类独特的酶,在催化腈化合物的水解中起关键作用,导致形成相应的羧酸。这些酶实体已经在一系列行业中引起了极大的关注,包括药品,农用化学品,和精细化学品。此外,越来越大的环境压力加剧了它们的重要性,推动它们进入生物降解和生物修复工作的最前沿。然而,天然腈水解酶表现出固有的局限性,如热稳定性低,窄的底物选择性,和不适应变化的环境条件。在过去的十年里,在阐明腈水解酶的结构基础和催化机理方面已经做出了大量努力,为腈水解酶的工程提供依据。在具有理想催化性能的腈水解酶的调控及其在工业生产中的应用方面取得了重大突破。这篇综述致力于提供与腈水解酶相关的最新研究进展的全面论述和总结,特别强调结构属性的阐明,催化机理,催化特性,以及提高腈水解酶催化性能的策略。此外,探索延伸到工艺工程领域和腈水解酶的多种应用。此外,展望了腈水解酶未来的发展趋势,为相关领域的研究和应用提供重要指导。
Nitrilases represent a distinct class of enzymes that play a pivotal role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of nitrile compounds, leading to the formation of corresponding carboxylic acids. These enzymatic entities have garnered significant attention across a spectrum of industries, encompassing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Moreover, their significance has been accentuated by mounting environmental pressures, propelling them into the forefront of biodegradation and bioremediation endeavors. Nevertheless, the natural nitrilases exhibit intrinsic limitations such as low thermal stability, narrow substrate selectivity, and inadaptability to varying environmental conditions. In the past decade, substantial efforts have been made in elucidating the structural underpinnings and catalytic mechanisms of nitrilase, providing basis for engineering of nitrilases. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the regulation of nitrilases with ideal catalytic properties and application of the enzymes for industrial productions. This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive discourse and summary of recent research advancements related to nitrilases, with a particular emphasis on the elucidation of the structural attributes, catalytic mechanisms, catalytic characteristics, and strategies for improving catalytic performance of nitrilases. Moreover, the exploration extends to the domain of process engineering and the multifarious applications of nitrilases. Furthermore, the future development trend of nitrilases is prospected, providing important guidance for research and application in the related fields.