背景:角质层蜡充当保护植物免受环境胁迫的主要屏障。Ecereerum(CER)基因家族与蜡的产生和胁迫抗性有关。
结果:在一项全基因组鉴定研究中,在四个棉属物种中发现了CER家族的52个成员:G.arboreum,G.巴巴多斯,G.raimondii,和G.hirsutum。棉属CER(GCER)蛋白的物理化学特征存在差异。进化分析将确定的GCER分为五组,净化选择成为主要的进化力量。基因结构分析表明,保守基序的数量为1至15个,外显子的数量为3至13个。密切相关的GCER表现出相似的保守基序和基因结构。染色体位置分析,选择压力,共线性揭示了GCER基因中的许多片段重复。此外,确定了9个推定的ghr-miRNAs靶向7个陆地棉CER(GhCER)基因。其中,三个miRNA,包括ghr-miR394,ghr-miR414d,和ghr-miR414f,目标是GhCER09A,代表最有针对性的基因。转录因子(TFs)的预测和调节TF网络的可视化揭示了与GhCER基因的相互作用,涉及ERF,MYB,多夫,bHLH,BZIP。对顺式调控元件的分析表明,棉花的CER基因家族与对非生物胁迫的反应之间存在潜在的关联。光,和其他生物过程。富集分析表明GhCER基因和与角质生物合成相关的途径之间存在密切的相关性,脂肪酸生物合成,蜡生产,和应激反应。定位分析表明,大多数GCER蛋白位于质膜中。转录组和定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)表达评估表明,一些GhCER基因,包括GhCER15D,GhCER04A,GhCER06A,和GhCER12D,与对照条件相比,对缺水胁迫的反应表现出升高的表达水平。通过病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)进行的功能鉴定强调了GhCER04A基因在通过促进组织保水性增加来增强抗旱性方面的关键作用。
结论:这项研究不仅提供了有价值的证据,而且还提供了新的见解,有助于更深入地了解GhCER基因在棉花中的作用,它们在适应干旱和其他非生物胁迫中的作用及其在棉花改良中的潜在应用。
BACKGROUND: The cuticular wax serves as a primary barrier that protects plants from environmental stresses. The Eceriferum (CER) gene family is associated with wax production and stress resistance.
RESULTS: In a genome-wide identification study, a total of 52 members of the CER family were discovered in four Gossypium species: G. arboreum, G. barbadense, G. raimondii, and G. hirsutum. There were variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the Gossypium CER (GCER) proteins. Evolutionary analysis classified the identified GCERs into five groups, with purifying selection emerging as the primary evolutionary force. Gene structure analysis revealed that the number of conserved motifs ranged from 1 to 15, and the number of exons varied from 3 to 13. Closely related GCERs exhibited similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Analyses of chromosomal positions, selection pressure, and collinearity revealed numerous fragment duplications in the GCER genes. Additionally, nine putative ghr-miRNAs targeting seven G. hirsutum CER (GhCER) genes were identified. Among them, three miRNAs, including ghr-miR394, ghr-miR414d, and ghr-miR414f, targeted GhCER09A, representing the most targeted gene. The prediction of transcription factors (TFs) and the visualization of the regulatory TF network revealed interactions with GhCER genes involving ERF, MYB, Dof, bHLH, and bZIP. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements suggests potential associations between the CER gene family of cotton and responses to abiotic stress, light, and other biological processes. Enrichment analysis demonstrated a robust correlation between GhCER genes and pathways associated with cutin biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, wax production, and stress response. Localization analysis showed that most GCER proteins are localized in the plasma membrane. Transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression assessments demonstrated that several GhCER genes, including GhCER15D, GhCER04A, GhCER06A, and GhCER12D, exhibited elevated expression levels in response to water deficiency stress compared to control conditions. The functional identification through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) highlighted the pivotal role of the GhCER04A gene in enhancing drought resistance by promoting increased tissue water retention.
CONCLUSIONS: This investigation not only provides valuable evidence but also offers novel insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of the roles of GhCER genes in cotton, their role in adaptation to drought and other abiotic stress and their potential applications for cotton improvement.