阿维菌素是一组天然存在的药物,作为发酵阿维米提链霉菌的产物,放线菌,与土壤隔离。八种不同的结构,包括伊维菌素,阿维菌素,多拉菌素,eprinomectin,莫西丁,和色拉菌素,被分离并分为四个主要成分(A1a,A2a,B1a和B2a)和四个次要成分(A1b,A2b,B1b,和B2b)。由于它们的驱虫和杀虫特性,阿维菌素通常用作处理害虫和寄生虫的杀虫剂。此外,它们具有抗癌作用,抗糖尿病,抗病毒,抗真菌药,并用于治疗几种代谢紊乱。阿维菌素通常通过防止电脉冲在无脊椎动物的肌肉和神经中的传输来起作用,通过放大谷氨酸对无脊椎动物特异性门控氯通道的影响。阿维菌素有不必要的影响或反应,尤其是当滥用时,其中包括呼吸衰竭,低血压,和昏迷。本次审查审查了行动机制,生物合成,安全,药代动力学,阿维菌素的生物毒性和活性。
Avermectins are a group of drugs that occurs naturally as a product of fermenting Streptomyces avermitilis, an actinomycetes, isolated from the soil. Eight different structures, including ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, moxidectin, and selamectin, were isolated and divided into four major components (A1a, A2a, B1a and B2a) and four minor components (A1b, A2b, B1b, and B2b). Avermectins are generally used as a pesticide for the treatment of pests and parasitic worms as a result of their anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. Additionally, they possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiviral, antifungal, and are used for treatment of several metabolic disorders. Avermectin generally works by preventing the transmission of electrical impulse in the muscle and nerves of invertebrates, by amplifying the glutamate effects on the invertebrates-specific gated chloride channel. Avermectin has unwanted effects or reactions, especially when administered indiscriminately, which include respiratory failure, hypotension, and coma. The current review examines the mechanism of actions, biosynthesis, safety, pharmacokinetics, biological toxicity and activities of avermectins.