纳米技术使建筑领域取得了重大进展,艺术性,考古,或博物馆遗产保护,以修复和防止变质剂(风化,污染物,或生物作用)。这篇综述分析了目前使用纳米材料的治疗方法,包括合并剂,杀生物剂,疏水保护剂,机械阻力改进剂,阻燃剂,和多功能纳米复合材料。不幸的是,纳米材料可以影响人类和动物的健康,改变环境。现在,这是一个优先停止分析其优点和缺点。因此,目的是提高人们对处理期间纳米毒性风险的认识,以及随后对所有直接或间接参与保护过程的人的环境暴露。它报告了人体相互作用机制,并提供了预防或控制其毒性的指南,提到目前主要化合物的毒性研究,并强调需要提供更多有关形态学的信息,结构,以及最终有助于理解其毒性的特定特征。它提供有关国际组织当前文件的信息(欧洲委员会,NIOSH,OECD,国家规范性)关于工人保护,隔离,实验室通风控制,和碎片管理。此外,它报告了定性风险评估方法,管理策略,剂量控制,和焦点/受体关系,除了在口罩和气体排放控制设备中使用纳米材料的最新趋势之外,讨论它们的毒性风险。
Nanotechnology has allowed for significant progress in architectural, artistic, archaeological, or museum heritage conservation for repairing and preventing damages produced by deterioration agents (weathering, contaminants, or biological actions). This review analyzes the current treatments using nanomaterials, including consolidants, biocides, hydrophobic protectives, mechanical resistance improvers, flame-retardants, and multifunctional nanocomposites. Unfortunately, nanomaterials can affect human and animal health, altering the environment. Right now, it is a priority to stop to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aims are to raise awareness about the nanotoxicity risks during handling and the subsequent environmental exposure to all those directly or indirectly involved in conservation processes. It reports the human-body interaction mechanisms and provides guidelines for preventing or controlling its toxicity, mentioning the current toxicity research of main compounds and emphasizing the need to provide more information about morphological, structural, and specific features that ultimately contribute to understanding their toxicity. It provides information about the current documents of international organizations (European Commission, NIOSH, OECD, Countries Normative) about worker protection, isolation, laboratory ventilation control, and debris management. Furthermore, it reports the qualitative risk assessment methods, management strategies, dose control, and focus/receptor relationship, besides the latest trends of using nanomaterials in masks and gas emissions control devices, discussing their risk of toxicity.