尽管许多研究讨论了欧洲空气质量的影响,非常有限的研究集中在城市大气中PM10中环境微量元素(TE)的详细现象学上。这项研究汇编了来自7个国家的55个地点(瑞士,西班牙,法国,希腊,意大利,葡萄牙,英国),旨在阐明欧洲城市PM10中20个TE的现象学。监测点包括城市背景(UB,n=26),流量(TR,n=10),工业(IN,n=5),郊区背景(SUB,n=7),和农村背景(RB,n=7)类型。抽样活动使用标准化协议进行,以确保数据可比性。在每个国家,使用高容量空气采样器在固定时间内收集PM10样品。分析包括TEs的时空分布,以及每个站点的TE之间的关系。结果表明,20个TEs的年平均值为90±65ng/m3,TR和IN位点的浓度最高(分别为130±66和131±80ng/m3)。TEs浓度的季节性变化,受排放源和气象学的影响,显示所有监测点之间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。TE浓度的估算突出了非致癌和致癌金属之间的不同比率,锌(40±49纳克/立方米),钛(21±29ng/m3),和铜(23±35纳克/立方米)占优势的非致癌TEs,而Cr(5±7ng/m3),Ni(2±6ng/m3)在致癌者中突出。不同地点和不同季节的TE之间的相关性,与排放源和气象条件的差异一致。这项研究为泛欧城市氛围中的TEs提供了有价值的见解,为未来的环境保护政策提供全面的数据集。
Although many studies have discussed the impact of Europe\'s air quality, very limited research focused on the detailed phenomenology of ambient trace elements (TEs) in PM10 in urban atmosphere. This study compiled long-term (2013-2022) measurements of speciation of ambient urban PM10 from 55 sites of 7 countries (Switzerland, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK), aiming to elucidate the phenomenology of 20 TEs in PM10 in urban Europe. The monitoring sites comprised urban background (UB, n = 26), traffic (TR, n = 10), industrial (IN, n = 5), suburban background (SUB, n = 7), and rural background (RB, n = 7) types. The sampling campaigns were conducted using standardized protocols to ensure data comparability. In each country, PM10 samples were collected over a fixed period using high-volume air samplers. The analysis encompassed the spatio-temporal distribution of TEs, and relationships between TEs at each site. Results indicated an annual average for the sum of 20 TEs of 90 ± 65 ng/m3, with TR and IN sites exhibiting the highest concentrations (130 ± 66 and 131 ± 80 ng/m3, respectively). Seasonal variability in TEs concentrations, influenced by emission sources and meteorology, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across all monitoring sites. Estimation of TE concentrations highlighted distinct ratios between non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic metals, with Zn (40 ± 49 ng/m3), Ti (21 ± 29 ng/m3), and Cu (23 ± 35 ng/m3) dominating non-carcinogenic TEs, while Cr (5 ± 7 ng/m3), and Ni (2 ± 6 ng/m3) were prominent among carcinogenic ones. Correlations between TEs across diverse locations and seasons varied, in agreement with differences in emission sources and meteorological conditions. This study provides valuable insights into TEs in pan-European urban atmosphere, contributing to a comprehensive dataset for future environmental protection policies.