与普通的蓝细菌相比,鞭毛藻需要较低的温度,并且在春季和秋季经常开花。甲藻水华的爆发也会导致一些水生生物的死亡。然而,由于实验室分类和培养带来的挑战,对淡水鞭毛藻的研究仍然缺乏。紫菜的去除效果及机理(P.umbonatum,在这项研究中,使用太阳能/氯对典型的鞭毛藻进行了调查)。仅模拟太阳能对藻类去除的影响可以忽略不计,单独的氯对去除藻类只有轻微的影响。然而,太阳能/氯表现出更好的去除效率,肩长减少因子和kmax增强因子分别为2.80和3.8,表明与单独的太阳能和氯相比,太阳能/氯的潜伏期更短,失活速率更快。藻类的去除效率随着氯投加量的增加而逐渐提高,但是随着细胞密度的增加,它下降了。当实验温度升高到30℃时,藻类去除效率显著提高,因为温度不适合umbonatum的生存。太阳能/氯产生的氯和羟基自由基(•OH)对细胞膜的攻击导致细胞膜完整性下降,导致细胞内活性氧的增加和光合和抗氧化系统的抑制。由于严重的细胞损伤或囊肿形成,在氯或太阳能/氯系统中均未观察到细胞再生。此外,天然太阳辐射被证明具有与模拟太阳辐射相同的增强效果。然而,与119介质相比,实际水中太阳能/氯的藻类去除效率降低,主要是由于实际水基质中的背景材料消耗了氧化剂或充当了遮光剂。
Dinoflagellate requires a lower temperature and blooms frequently in the spring and autumn compared to regular cyanobacteria. The outbreak of dinoflagellate bloom will also lead to the death of some aquatic organisms. However, research on freshwater dinoflagellates is still lacking due to the challenges posed by classification and culture in laboratory. The removal effect and mechanism of Peridinium umbonatum (P. umbonatum, a typical dinoflagellate) were investigated using solar/chlorine in this study. The effect of simulated solar alone on the removal of algae was negligible, and chlorine alone had only a slight effect in removing algae. However, solar/chlorine showed a better removal efficiency with shoulder length reduction factor and kmax enhancement factor of 2.80 and 3.8, respectively, indicating a shorter latency period and faster inactivation rate for solar/chlorine compared to solar and chlorine alone. The removal efficiency of algae gradually increased with the chlorine dosage, but it dropped as the cell density grew. When the experimental temperature was raised to 30 °C, algal removal efficiency significantly increased, as the temperature was unsuitable for the survival of P. umbonatum. Attacks on cell membranes by chlorine and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced by solar/chlorine led to a decrease in cell membrane integrity, leading to a rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species and an inhibition of photosynthetic and antioxidant systems. Cell regeneration was not observed in either the chlorine or solar/chlorine systems due to severe cell damage or cysts formation. In addition, natural solar radiation was demonstrated to have the same enhancing effect as simulated solar radiation. However, the algal removal efficiency of solar/chlorine in real water was reduced compared to 119 medium, mainly due to background material in the real water substrate that consumed the oxidant or acted as shading agents.