阳光充足的地区,例如中东和北非(MENA),是光伏(PV)发电的最佳选择。然而,积尘造成的光伏组件平均功率损耗极大,可能达到1%/天,需要频繁的清洁,这增加了操作和维护的成本。解决光伏污染问题的方法之一是开发防污涂料,其中具有适用于PV应用的光谱特性的亲水或疏水涂层被添加到PV玻璃的外层。然而,这种涂层的有效性在很大程度上取决于气候条件和地理位置。由于涂料增加了太阳能电池板的成本,在大规模部署之前,必须首先测试它们在预期位置和/或类似天气条件下的适用性。这一关键审查的重点是用于减轻光伏污染问题的各种防尘技术。对各种已开发的技术和材料的深入比较旨在提供相关的投入,以适应基于粒子积累机制的正确技术,天气条件,和地理位置。虽然机械清洗工艺是迄今为止最常用的解决方案,薄膜防尘涂层的发展可能是一个更好的选择-当它是相关的-由于其无磨损能力,大规模部署,经济可行性,和耐用性。这篇综述旨在作为本主题的参考,从而为适应高效的防尘涂料铺平了道路,特别是在中东和北非地区和/或整个沙漠环境中,最相关的地方。
Areas with abundant sunlight, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), are optimal for photovoltaic (PV) power generation. However, the average power loss of photovoltaic modules caused by dust accumulation is extreme and may reach 1%/day, necessitating frequent cleaning which adds to the cost of operations and maintenance. One of the solutions to the problem of PV
soiling is to develop anti-soil coatings, where hydrophilic or hydrophobic coatings with spectral characteristics suitable for PV applications are added to the outer layer of PV glass. However, the effectiveness of such coatings depends extensively on climatic conditions and geographical locations. Since coatings add to the cost of solar panels, it is imperative that they are first tested for suitability at the intended location and/or in similar weather conditions prior to their large-scale deployment. This critical review focuses on various anti-dust technologies employed to mitigate the PV
soiling issue. The in-depth comparison of the various developed techniques and materials aims at providing a relevant input in adapting the right technology based on particles\' accumulation mechanism, weather conditions, and geographical location. Though the mechanical cleaning process is the most used solution to date, development of thin film anti-dust coating could be a better alternative-when it is relevant-due to its abrasion-free capability, large deployment, economic viability, and durability. This review aims at serving as a reference in this topic, thereby paving the way to adapting efficient anti-dust coatings, especially in the MENA region and/or desert environment at large, where it is the most relevant.