复杂的微生物关联极大地促进了自然生态系统的多种功能(多功能性)。然而,人工生态系统中微生物关联与土壤多功能性(SMF)之间的关系,特别是在频繁施肥的农业生态系统中,尚不清楚。在这项研究中,根据28年的水田试验,进行了高通量测序和网络分析,以调查土壤微生物(古细菌,细菌,真菌,和原生生物)关联,以及这些变化如何与长期受精下的SMF相关。与不施肥(CK)相比,都是用氮进行化学施肥,P,和K(CF)和化学肥料加稻草保留(CFR)处理表明土壤养分含量显着提高,粮食产量,微生物丰度,SMF。除了古细菌的多样性,CF处理表现出最低的细菌,真菌,和原生生物的多样性,和最简单的微生物共生网络。相比之下,CFR处理的古细菌多样性最低,但最高的细菌,真菌,和原生的多样性。此外,CFR处理表现出最复杂的微生物共生网络,节点数最高,边缘,和王国之间的边缘。这些结果表明,有和没有秸秆保留的化学肥料都会导致高度的生态系统多功能性,同时相反地改变微生物的结合。此外,这些结果表明,稻草的保留有助于土壤微生物组的发展,并确保高水平生态系统多功能性的可持续性。
Intricate microbial associations contribute greatly to the multiple functions (multifunctionality) of natural ecosystems. However, the relationship between microbial associations and soil multifunctionality (SMF) in artificial ecosystems, particularly in agricultural ecosystem with frequent fertilization, remains unclear. In this study, based on a 28-year paddy field experiment, high-throughput sequencing and networks analysis was performed to investigate changes in soil microbial (archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protists) associations and how these changes correlate with SMF under long-term fertilization. Compared to no fertilization (CK), both chemical fertilization with N, P, and K (CF) and chemical fertilization plus rice straw retention (CFR) treatments showed significantly higher soil nutrient content, grain yield, microbial abundance, and SMF. With the exception of archaeal diversity, the CF treatment exhibited the lowest bacterial, fungal, and protist diversity, and the simplest microbial co-occurrence network. In contrast, the CFR treatment had the lowest archaeal diversity, but the highest bacterial, fungal, and protist diversity. Moreover, the CFR treatment exhibited the most complex microbial co-occurrence network with the highest number of nodes, edges, and interkingdom edges. These results highlight that both chemical fertilization with and without straw retention caused high ecosystem multifunctionality while changing microbial association oppositely. Furthermore, these results indicate that rice straw retention contributes to the development of the soil microbiome and ensures the sustainability of high-level ecosystem multifunctionality.