背景:这项研究探索了诱变的功效,特别是使用叠氮化钠(SA)和水合肼(HZ)处理,在三种小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)基因型中引入遗传多样性并增强性状。实验需要对种子进行不同剂量的SA和HZ,并在田间连续两代培养它们:M1(第一代)和M2(第二代)。然后,我们采用具有起始密码子靶向(SCoT)标记的选择性育种技术来选择小麦基因库中的性状。此外,SCoT标记与特定农艺性状之间的相关性提供了对小麦诱变诱导变化的遗传机制的见解。
结果:在研究中,11种基因型来源于亲本品种Sids1、Sids12和Giza168,从M1代中筛选出8种突变基因型,并进一步培养建立M2代。结果表明,各种形态和农艺特征,如植物高度,每株植物的穗,穗长,每穗小穗,每小穗粒数,和100粒的重量,显示从M1到M2的不同基因型增加。SCoT标记用于评估11种基因型之间的遗传多样性。生物信息学分析确定了SCoT标记与转录因子ABI3(ABI3)和VIVIPAROUS1(VP1)之间的相关性,对植物发育至关重要,增长,和压力适应。对遗传距离的全面检查和基因相关SCoT标记的功能鉴定可能为SA和HZ充当诱变剂的机制提供有价值的见解。提高小麦农艺品质。
结论:本研究证明了SA和HZ处理通过诱变在小麦基因库中诱导基因多样性的有效利用,导致农艺性状的增强,正如SCoT标记所揭示的。形态学和农艺特性的显着改善凸显了诱变技术对作物改良的潜力。这些发现为育种者制定有效的育种计划提供了有价值的信息,以通过增加遗传多样性来提高小麦的质量和恢复力。
BACKGROUND: This research explores the efficacy of mutagenesis, specifically using sodium azide (SA) and hydrazine hydrate (HZ) treatments, to introduce genetic diversity and enhance traits in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. The experiment entails subjecting the seeds to different doses of SA and HZ and cultivating them in the field for two consecutive generations: M1 (first generation) and M2 (second generation). We then employed selective breeding techniques with Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers to select traits within the wheat gene pool. Also, the correlation between SCoT markers and specific agronomic traits provides insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying mutagenesis-induced changes in wheat.
RESULTS: In the study, eleven genotypes were derived from parent varieties Sids1, Sids12, and Giza 168, and eight mutant genotypes were selected from the M1 generation and further cultivated to establish the M2 generation. The results revealed that various morphological and agronomical characteristics, such as plant height, spikes per plant, spike length, spikelet per spike, grains per spikelet, and 100-grain weight, showed increases in different genotypes from M1 to M2. SCoT markers were employed to assess genetic diversity among the eleven genotypes. The bioinformatics analysis identified a correlation between SCoT markers and the transcription factors ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) and VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1), crucial for plant development, growth, and stress adaptation. A comprehensive examination of genetic distance and the function identification of gene-associated SCoT markers may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which SA and HZ act as mutagens, enhancing wheat agronomic qualities.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the effective use of SA and HZ treatments to induce gene diversity through mutagenesis in the wheat gene pool, resulting in the enhancement of agronomic traits, as revealed by SCoT markers. The significant improvements in morphological and agronomical characteristics highlight the potential of mutagenesis techniques for crop improvement. These findings offer valuable information for breeders to develop effective breeding programs to enhance wheat quality and resilience through increased genetic diversity.