本文的目的是绘制来自10个欧洲国家的消费者的食品卫生实践图,并评估哪些人口群体更有可能接触食源性病原体,并建立10个欧洲国家对食品卫生实践的依从性排名。
研究设计包括一项关于膳食准备期间食品安全和卫生习惯的跨国定量消费者调查(SafeConsume项目),并在十个欧洲国家进行(法国,丹麦,德国,希腊,匈牙利,挪威,葡萄牙,罗马尼亚,西班牙和英国)。调查问题是基于推荐的手部卫生习惯以及在调查涵盖的六个国家的90个欧洲家庭中进行的实地研究中观察到的习惯(法国,匈牙利,挪威,葡萄牙,罗马尼亚,和英国)。SPSSStatistics26(IBM软件集团,芝加哥,IL)用于数据的描述性和回归分析。回归分析用于检查人口统计学特征之间的关系,原产国和自我报告的手部卫生习惯。
根据回归模型,与没有老人的家庭相比,有65岁以上老人的家庭更倾向于遵循适当的洗手习惯。同时,据报告,有6岁以下儿童的家庭在关键时刻洗手的可能性是没有儿童的家庭的两倍。总的来说,考虑到接触生鸡肉后洗手的可能性,以及正确洗手方法和洗手关键时刻的百分比分数,关于适当的手部卫生习惯的国家排名如下:丹麦,希腊,挪威,罗马尼亚,匈牙利,德国,英国,葡萄牙,法国,和西班牙。
信息和教育应指向皇家公共卫生学会(RSPH)和国际家庭卫生科学论坛(IFH)和安全实践建议的关键时刻。如果针对消费者的行为和做法进行教育,则洗手不当造成的公共卫生负担可能会大大减少。
The aim of this paper was to map consumers\' food hygiene practices from 10 European countries and evaluate which demographic groups are more likely to be exposed to foodborne pathogens and establish a ranking of adherence to food hygiene practices in 10 European countries.
The research design consisted of a cross-national quantitative consumer survey regarding food safety and hygiene practices during meal preparation (SafeConsume project) and was conducted in ten European countries (France, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain and UK). The survey questions were based on recommended hand hygiene practices and on observed practices from a field study performed in 90 European households from six of the countries covered by the survey (France, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, Romania, and UK). SPSS Statistics 26 (IBM Software Group, Chicago, IL) was used for the descriptive and regression analyses of the data. Regression analyses were used to check the relation between demographic characteristics, country of origin and self-reported hand hygiene practices.
According to the regression models, families with elderly members aged over 65 showed a higher tendency to follow proper hand washing practices compared to families without elderly members. Meanwhile, families with children under the age of 6 reported being up to twice as likely to wash their hands at critical moments compared to families without children. Overall, taking into consideration the likelihood of washing hands after touching raw chicken and the percentages scores for proper hand cleaning methods and key moments for hand washing, the rank of the countries regarding proper hand hygiene practices was the following: Denmark, Greece, Norway, Romania, Hungary, Germany, UK, Portugal, France, and Spain.
Information and education should point both at the key moments as suggested by the Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH) and the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene (IFH) and safe practices. Public health burden generated by improper hand washing may be significantly reduced if education is targeted on consumers\' behaviour and practices.