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BACKGROUND: The related literature has primarily addressed cigarette smoking control. It seems that researchers have failed to explore the determinants of hookah smoking (HS) control. In an attempt to fill this gap, the present study explores experts\' views about aspects of HS control in Bandar Abbas, a city in the south of Iran.
METHODS: The present qualitative study, conducted in 2022 and 2023, used a content analysis. To this aim, 30 experts in tobacco prevention and control were invited to participate in the research. Twenty seven accepted the invitation. In-depth, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews were held with the experts. A purposive sampling was used and the data collection continued until data saturation. The interviews lasted between 18 and 65 min. MAXQDA 10.0 was used for data management and analysis.
RESULTS: The expert interviewees had a mean age of 44.77 ± 6.57 years and a mean work experience of 18.6 ± 6.8 years. A total number of six main categories were extracted from the data, including usin influential figures to control HS, controlling HS by alternative activities, changing beliefs and attitudes toward HS, taking administrative and regulatory measures, and facilitating HS cessation.
CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study explored the multifaceted ways people adopt to quit HS. Using influential figures to control hookah smoking, promoting alternative activities as a means of control, changing beliefs and attitudes, enforcing administrative regulations, and facilitating quit attempts all play an important role in tackling the prevalence of hookah smoking. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to integrate various interventions to effectively address hookah smoking behavior.

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CONCLUSIONS: For decades, tobacco advertisements and promotions have been common in mass media and public places in China. In 2015, China amended the Advertising Law to prohibit the distribution of tobacco advertising, while also initiating waves of tobacco control media campaigns. This study investigates the associations between exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages, smoking status, and people\'s smoking-related beliefs and willingness to support tobacco control policies.
METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 19,376 adults aged ≥15 years in China. Anti- and pro-smoking message exposures were measured as the sum of sources (media or places) where respondents have seen the messages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among smoking status, message exposure, and the outcome variables (health harm beliefs, support for increasing tax on cigarettes, support for using part of the increased tax on tobacco control) controlling for smoking status and demographic differences.
RESULTS: Overall, 63.3% of the respondents reported being exposed to anti-smoking messages from at least 1 source, while 18.1% were exposed to pro-smoking messages from at least 1 source. Adults who currently, formerly, and never smoked differed in their beliefs about smoking and willingness to support tobacco control policies. Greater reported exposure to anti-smoking messages was positively associated with belief that smoking is harmful, support for increased cigarette tax, and support for using increased tax revenue for tobacco control measures. Meanwhile, greater reported exposure to pro-smoking messages was negatively related to willingness to support cigarette tax increases.
CONCLUSIONS: While national and local tobacco control campaigns in China have reached a large proportion of the adult population, there is still room for improvement. China might consider expanding anti-tobacco campaigns, as reported exposure to these messages is associated with increased public awareness of the health hazards of smoking and support for increasing cigarette taxes.

Smoking rates in Europe are falling steadily among teenagers. The main reasons why young people start smoking are highlighted. Preventing young people from starting to smoke is based on a combination of three approaches: firstly, interventions in schools, incorporating educational programs from an early age; secondly, comprehensive tobacco control measures, such as bans on sales to minors and higher taxes on tobacco products; -thirdly, targeted communication campaigns. Finally, parents and families play an important role in providing a smoke-free environment and setting an example by giving up smoking. Many prevention programmes have been validated, but are still too infrequently deployed. We also need to prevent new modes of consumption that bring nicotine. In this way, we can work by accelerating progress to curb the tobacco epidemics and moving towards the ultimate goal of a smoke-free generation.
Les taux de tabagisme en Europe diminuent régulièrement parmi les adolescents en âge de commencer à fumer. Les principales raisons d’entrée en tabagisme des jeunes sont rappelées. La prévention du tabagisme chez les jeunes repose sur des actions dans trois directions : tout d’abord, des interventions en milieu scolaire en intégrant des programmes éducatifs dès le plus jeune âge, ensuite, des mesures globales de lutte antitabac telles que l’interdiction de vente aux mineurs et l’augmentation des taxes sur les produits du tabac, des campagnes de communication ciblées, et enfin, des actions ciblant les parents et les familles qui jouent un rôle important en fournissant un environnement sans fumée et en servant d’exemple en arrêtant de fumer. De nombreux programmes de prévention sont validés, mais encore trop peu souvent déployés. Il faut également prévenir les nouveaux modes de consommation, apportant de la nicotine. Ainsi, on œuvrera pour accélérer les progrès pour freiner l’épidémie tabagique et viser l’objectif ultime d’atteindre une génération sans tabac.

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To reduce youth access to tobacco products, the California Tobacco Prevention Program funded local tobacco prevention programs from July 2017 through December 2021 to address its Communities of Excellence Indicator 3.2.9: \"the number of jurisdictions with a policy eliminating or restricting the sale and/or distribution of any mentholated cigarettes and other flavored tobacco products, and paraphernalia.\" We examined the strategies by which community coalitions attempted to limit the number of stores selling flavored tobacco across California. Thirty-six final evaluation reports (FERs) were used for our analysis. We examined certain elements or factors as primary areas of interest because of their apparent link to successful outcomes in analyses of FERs in the past. Over half (19 of 36) of FERs reported successfully passing at least 1 policy to regulate the sale of flavored tobacco products. Urban communities passed more policies (16 of 18) compared with rural communities (3 of 18). Successful campaigns tended to involve youth, demonstrate illegal sales to minors and public support for a ban, and identify a champion. Barriers included the COVID-19 pandemic, California wildfires, staffing shortages, and conservative political climates. This evaluation offers insights into the successes and challenges faced by local coalitions seeking policy changes for tobacco use prevention, which can be different for urban and rural communities. The evaluation also indicates the necessity of adopting flexible tactical plans for overcoming environmental factors that affected intervention and evaluation activities.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to validate the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action) Model-Based Antismoking Campaign Questionnaire to be used in Malaysian population.
METHODS: This study consists of mainly translation, validation, and pilot testing. The translation phase using forward and backward translation, involved three panels and three translators. The validation was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2023 with a purposive sampling technique. The data was collected through e-mails among eight experts. These experts answered an online questionnaire on a four-option Likert scale, based on the four concepts of relevancy, clarity, comprehensiveness, and representativeness. The content validity index (CVI) was measured on the scale of the content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) and Universal Agreement (UA). For pilot testing, the final version was tested among 25 non-smokers and six smokers to determine its reliability using the Cronbach\'s alpha.
RESULTS: The content validity study for relevancy, clarity, comprehension, and representative S-CVI/Ave is 0.85, 0.79, 0.79, and 0.84, respectively. The CVI score of above 0.83 indicates all items are relevant and representable. The pilot testing shows high internal consistency for both samples, more than 0.85.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the adapted translated version\'s content validity index was satisfactory, and it can be further pilot tested among the other target population.