未经评估:儿童和青少年的头痛患病率在过去几年中有所增加。儿科头痛的循证治疗选择仍然有限。研究表明,气味对疼痛和情绪有积极影响。我们调查了反复接触气味对疼痛感知的影响,头痛相关的残疾,儿童和青少年原发性头痛的嗅觉功能。
UNASISIGNED:80例偏头痛或紧张型头痛患者(平均13.1±3.29年)参加,其中40人接受每日嗅觉训练,并单独选择令人愉快的气味,为期3个月,40人接受最先进的门诊治疗作为对照组.在基线和3个月随访后,嗅觉函数[气味阈值;气味识别;气味识别;综合阈值,歧视,识别(TDI)分数],机械检测和疼痛阈值(定量感觉测试),电痛阈值,患者报告的头痛相关残疾结果[小儿偏头痛残疾评估(PedMIDAS)],疼痛残疾[小儿疼痛残疾指数(P-PDI)],和头痛频率进行了评估。
UNASSIGNED:与对照组相比,有气味的训练显着增加了电痛阈值(U=470.000;z=-3.177;p=0.001)。此外,嗅觉训练显著增加嗅觉功能(TDI评分[t(39)=-2.851;p=0.007],特别是,嗅觉阈值,与对照组相比(U=530.500;z=-2.647;p=0.008)。头痛频率,PedMIDAS,两组P-PDI均显著下降,无明显组间差异。
UNASSIGNED:接触气味对患有原发性头痛的儿童和青少年的嗅觉功能和疼痛阈值有积极影响。增加的电疼痛阈值可能会降低频繁头痛患者对疼痛的敏感性。在没有相关副作用的情况下,对头痛残疾的额外有利作用突显了嗅觉训练作为小儿头痛的有价值的非药物疗法的潜力。
UNASSIGNED: Headache prevalence among children and adolescents has increased over the last few years. Evidence-based treatment options for pediatric headaches remain limited. Research suggests a positive influence of odors on pain and mood. We investigated the effect of repeated exposure to odors on pain perception, headache-related disability, and olfactory function in children and adolescents with primary headaches.
UNASSIGNED: Eighty patients with migraine or tension-type headache (mean 13.1 ± 3.29 years) participated, of whom 40 underwent daily olfactory training with individually selected pleasant odors for 3 months and 40 received state-of-the-art outpatient therapy as a control group. At baseline and after a 3-month follow-up, olfactory function [odor threshold; odor discrimination; odor identification; comprehensive Threshold, Discrimination, Identification (TDI) score], mechanical detection and pain threshold (quantitative sensory testing), electrical pain threshold, patient-reported outcomes on headache-related disability [Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS)], pain disability [Pediatric Pain Disability Index (P-PDI)], and headache frequency were assessed.
UNASSIGNED: Training with odors significantly increased the electrical pain threshold compared to the control group (U = 470.000; z = -3.177; p = 0.001). Additionally, olfactory training significantly increased the olfactory function (TDI score [t(39) = -2.851; p = 0.007], in particular, olfactory threshold, compared to controls (U = 530.500; z = -2.647; p = 0.008). Headache frequency, PedMIDAS, and P-PDI decreased significantly in both groups without a group difference.
UNASSIGNED: Exposure to odors has a positive effect on olfactory function and pain threshold in children and adolescents with primary headaches. Increased electrical pain thresholds might reduce sensitization for pain in patients with frequent headaches. The additional favorable effect on headache disability without relevant side effects underlines the potential of olfactory training as valuable nonpharmacological therapy in pediatric headaches.