背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制复杂。病理生理学尚未完全了解,需要安全有效的治疗方法。糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK-3β)通过几种信号通路介导AD进展。最近,多项研究发现,来自草药和营养品的各种天然化合物可以显着改善AD症状。
目的:本综述旨在全面总结天然化合物作为GSK-3β抑制剂治疗AD的潜在神经保护作用。
方法:我们对PubMed进行了系统的文献检索,ScienceDirect,WebofScience,和谷歌学者,专注于研究天然化合物作为GSK-3β抑制剂治疗AD的体外和体内研究。
结果:该机制可能与GSK-3β激活抑制以调节β淀粉样蛋白的产生有关,tau蛋白过度磷酸化,细胞凋亡,和细胞炎症。通过回顾近年来GSK-3β抑制植物化学物质和AD干预的研究,黄酮类化合物,包括石竹A,槲皮素,Morin,淫羊藿苷,linarin,京尼平,和isoorientin被报道为用于AD治疗的有效GSK-3β抑制剂。多酚如五味子乙素,厚朴酚,Dieckol对AD模型中的GSK-3β有抑制作用,包括体内模型。莱芬,人参皂苷Rd,gypenosideXVII,Falcarindiol,表油菜素内酯,1,8-桉树脑,和穿心莲内酯是有前途的GSK-3β抑制剂。
结论:来自草药和营养品的天然化合物是治疗AD的潜在候选药物。它们可能有资格作为衍生物用于开发提供增强的药理学特性的有希望的化合物。
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) pathogenesis is complex. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, and safe and effective treatments are needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) mediates AD progression through several signaling pathways. Recently, several studies have found that various natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals can significantly improve AD symptoms.
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the potential neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds as inhibitors of GSK-3β in the treatment of AD.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies that investigated natural compounds as inhibitors of GSK-3β in the treatment of AD.
RESULTS: The mechanism may be related to GSK-3β activation inhibition to regulate amyloid beta production, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, cell apoptosis, and cellular inflammation. By reviewing recent studies on GSK-3β inhibition in phytochemicals and AD intervention, flavonoids including oxyphylla A, quercetin, morin, icariin, linarin, genipin, and isoorientin were reported as potent GSK-3β inhibitors for AD treatment. Polyphenols such as schisandrin B, magnolol, and dieckol have inhibitory effects on GSK-3β in AD models, including in vivo models. Sulforaphene, ginsenoside Rd, gypenoside XVII, falcarindiol, epibrassinolides, 1,8-Cineole, and andrographolide are promising GSK-3β inhibitors.
CONCLUSIONS: Natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals are potential candidates for AD treatment. They may qualify as derivatives for development as promising compounds that provide enhanced pharmacological characteristics.