最近,用秸秆还田和新型肥料代替化肥在农业部门受到了相当大的关注,因为它被认为可以提高水稻产量和改善土壤特性。然而,在添加不同肥料的情况下,人们对稻田的水稻生长和土壤特性知之甚少。因此,在本文中,我们调查了不同肥料处理的效果,包括不施肥(CK),基于中等产量推荐施肥量(OF)的优化施肥,4.50Mgha-1秸秆还田化肥(SF),含化学肥料(SRF)的0.59Mgha-1缓释肥料,和0.60Mgha-1水溶性化肥(WSF),关于水稻生长,产量,通过田间试验和土壤性质。结果表明,与OF治疗相比,新的SF,SRF,WSF处理增加了植物高度,主根长度,舵柄编号,叶面积指数,叶绿素含量,和地上干重。SF,SRF,与CK和OF处理相比,WSF处理使水稻籽粒产量提高了30.65-32.51%和0.24-1.66%,分别。SRF处理使氮(N)和磷(P)的吸收分别增加了18.78%和28.68%,N和P的收获指数分别提高了1.75%和0.59%,N和P的部分生产率分别为2.64%和2.63%,分别,与OF治疗相比。然而,施肥对平均产量没有显著影响,N和P的收获指数,以及N和P的部分生产率。TN的含量,AN,SOM,TP,AP,随着土壤深度的增加,所有处理的AK都显著下降,而土壤pH值随着土壤深度的增加而增加。与SRF和WSF处理相比,SF处理可以更有效地增加土壤pH和NH4-N含量。与SF和WSF处理相比,SRF处理可以大大提高其他土壤养分和酶活性。相关分析表明,水稻产量与分批数呈极显著正相关,叶面积指数,叶绿素,土壤NO3--N,NH4+-N,SOM,TP,AK,和土壤酶活性。试验结果表明,SRF是提高水稻生长和产量,增强土壤特性的最佳施肥方法。其次是SF,WSF,和治疗。因此,研究结果为巢湖地区更好的施肥管理提供了有益的信息。
Recently, replacing chemical fertilizers with straw returning and new fertilizers has received considerable attention in the agricultural sector, as it is believed to increase rice yield and improve soil properties. However, less is known about rice growth and soil properties in paddy fields with the addition of different fertilizers. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the effects of different fertilizer treatments, including no fertilization (CK), optimized fertilization based on the medium yield recommended fertilizer amount (OF), 4.50 Mg ha-1 straw returning with chemical fertilizers (SF), 0.59 Mg ha-1 slow-release fertilizer with chemical fertilizers (SRF), and 0.60 Mg ha-1 water-soluble fertilizer with chemical fertilizers (WSF), on rice growth, yield, and soil properties through a field experiment. The results show that compared with the OF treatment, the new SF, SRF, and WSF treatments increased plant height, main root length, tiller number, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and aboveground dry weight. The SF, SRF, and WSF treatments improved rice grain yield by 30.65-32.51% and 0.24-1.66% compared to the CK and OF treatments, respectively. The SRF treatment increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake by 18.78% and 28.68%, the harvest indexes of N and P by 1.75% and 0.59%, and the partial productivity of N and P by 2.64% and 2.63%, respectively, compared with the OF treatment. However, fertilization did not significantly affect the average yield, harvest indexes of N and P, and partial productivity of N and P. The contents of TN, AN, SOM, TP, AP, and AK across all the treatments decreased significantly with increasing soil depth, while soil pH increased with soil depth. The SF treatment could more effectively increase soil pH and NH4+-N content compared to the SRF and WSF treatments, while the SRF treatment could greatly enhance other soil nutrients and enzyme activities compared to the SF and WSF treatments. A correlation analysis showed that rice yield was significantly positively associated with tiller number, leaf area index, chlorophyll, soil NO3--N, NH4+-N, SOM, TP, AK, and soil enzyme activity. The experimental results indicate that SRF was the best fertilization method to improve rice growth and yield and enhance soil properties, followed by the SF, WSF, and OF treatments. Hence, the results provide useful information for better fertilization management in the Chaohu Lake region of China.