■语言中介(LB)是一种非正式的翻译经验,双语者充当家庭成员的语言和文化中介。LB可能有长期的社会情感和认知结果,然而,人们对其对执行功能(EF)的影响知之甚少。这项研究考察了与语言经纪经验相关的第一语言(L1)熟练程度和负面情绪如何影响西蒙任务(ST)的EF表现。
■53名具有LB经验的墨西哥裔美国人西班牙语-英语双语者进行了ST,并报告了他们对母亲LB的感受。
■使用线性混合效应模型分析了正确ST试验的平均反应时间(RT)和准确率,试用类型,与LB经验相关的熟练程度和负面情绪作为因素,它们的相互作用作为额外的预测因素。
■与经纪经历相关的L1熟练程度和负面情绪存在分歧,但对EF的综合影响。与我们的假设相反,低L1熟练度预示着更好的表现,对于低L1熟练度和低负面情绪经纪经历的经纪人,西蒙效应最小。然而,无论与经纪经历相关的负面情绪如何,较高的L1熟练程度都可以预测更好的表现(最小的RTs)。
■本研究从不同的角度考察双语者的个体差异,在其中,我们研究了与经纪经历以及L1熟练程度相关的负面情绪如何与EF表现相关。
■我们的结果为了解双语经验中的个体差异的需要提供了支持,例如L1熟练程度和与LB相关的负面情绪,与ST上的表现互动。
UNASSIGNED: Language brokering (LB) is an informal translation experience where bilinguals serve as linguistic and cultural intermediaries for family members. LB may have long-term socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes, yet little is known about its effects on executive functions (EFs). This study examines how first language (L1) proficiency and negative emotions tied to language brokering experiences affect EF performance on a Simon task (ST).
UNASSIGNED: Fifty-three Mexican American Spanish-English bilinguals with LB experience performed a ST, and reported their feelings towards LB for their mother.
UNASSIGNED: Mean reaction times (RTs) and accuracy rates for correct ST trials were analyzed using linear mixed effects modeling, with trial type, proficiency and negative emotions tied to LB experience as factors and their interactions as additional predictors.
UNASSIGNED: The L1 proficiency and negative emotions tied to brokering experiences have divergent, but combined effects on EF. Contrary to our hypotheses, low L1 proficiency predicted better performance and the smallest Simon effect was found for brokers with low L1 proficiency and low negative emotional brokering experiences. However, high L1 proficiency predicted better performance (smallest RTs) regardless of negative emotions tied to brokering experiences.
UNASSIGNED: This study takes a different perspective on the examination of individual differences among bilinguals, in which we examine how negative emotions tied to brokering experiences coupled with L1 proficiency relates to EF performance.
UNASSIGNED: Our results provide support for the need to understand how individual differences in bilingual language experiences, such as L1 proficiency and negative emotions tied to LB, interact with performance on the ST.