要研究图像后处理功能的影响(即,边缘增强,降噪,和锐化)可在数字射线照相系统上使用,包括计算机射线照相术(CR)和直接数字射线照相术(DDR),用于检测木制,软组织异物.
有4段木质异物的足足底和猪足外侧射线照片(无异物,2mm,5mm,和10mm)放置在皮肤以下1mm(浅表)和1cm(深)的CR和DDR系统使用10个暴露因子获得。对图像进行后处理以生成960张图像,包括原始CR,原来的DDR,锐化的CR,锐化的DDR,边缘增强DDR,和噪声减少的DDR图像。对比噪声比(CNR)用于客观评估图像上的异物可见性。招募了六名澳大利亚放射技术人员来审查选定的图像。澳大利亚允许放射技术人员在放射科医师的监督下对普通X射线照片提供初步评论。技术人员使用4点量表对异物的可见性进行评级,以确定不同图像受体和后处理类型的诊断性能。意味着,标准偏差,方差分析,并计算组内相关系数进行统计分析。
在有和没有后处理的CR和DDR图像中,边缘增强DDR图像具有最高的总体平均CNR值(3.39,P=.003)和灵敏度(35.13%).边缘增强DDR图像检测10mm异物的灵敏度为43.33%。
边缘增强型DDR可以被认为是可疑木制的附加工具,在数字X线摄影是唯一可用的成像方式的农村地区进行软组织异物诊断。这将使农村地区的一些患者避免长途旅行以访问超声检查或计算机断层扫描来检测异物,这可以最小化情感,金融,和社会成本。
这项研究表明,DDR系统的图像后处理功能可以检测木,软组织异物.边缘增强,具体来说,可以改善木制,软组织异物检测,特别是对于大型异物(≥10mm)。
To investigate the effects of image postprocessing functions (ie, edge enhancement, noise reduction, and
sharpening) that are available on digital radiography systems, including computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR), for detection of wooden, soft tissue foreign bodies.
Dorsoplantar and lateral porcine foot radiographs with 4 lengths of wooden foreign bodies (no foreign bodies, 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm) placed 1 mm (superficial) and 1 cm (deep) below the skin were acquired by CR and DDR systems using 10 exposure factors. Images were postprocessed to produce 960 images, including original CR, original DDR, sharpened CR, sharpened DDR, edge-enhanced DDR, and noised-reduced DDR images. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were used for objective assessments of foreign body visibility on the images. Six Australian radiologic technologists were recruited to review selected images. Australia allows radiologic technologists to provide initial comments on plain radiographs with the supervision of a radiologist. Technologists rated the visibility of foreign bodies using a 4-point scale to determine diagnostic performances of different image receptor and postprocessing types. Means, standard deviations, analyses of variance, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for statistical analyses.
Among the CR and DDR images with and without postprocessing, the edge-enhanced DDR images had the highest overall mean CNR value (3.39, P = .003) and sensitivity (35.13%). The sensitivity of the edge-enhanced DDR images for detecting the 10 mm foreign body was 43.33%.
Edge-enhanced DDR can be considered an additional tool for suspected wooden, soft tissue foreign body diagnoses in rural areas where digital radiography is the only available imaging modality. This would allow some patients in rural areas to avoid long-distance travel to access sonography or computed tomography to detect foreign bodies, which could minimize emotional, financial, and social costs.
This study shows that the image postprocessing function of the DDR system can detect wooden, soft tissue foreign bodies. Edge enhancement, specifically, can improve wooden, soft tissue foreign body detection, especially for large foreign bodies (≥ 10 mm).