Consento(CON)作为一种系统性杀真菌剂,会对环境造成重大危害,对非目标生物的健康产生不利影响。一氧化氮(NO),一个信号分子,已知在植物生理和非生物胁迫耐受性中起关键作用。然而,NO是否在小麦幼苗中发挥任何增强杀菌剂CON耐受性的作用尚不清楚。因此,我们进行了水培实验i)以研究小麦幼苗对杀菌剂CON胁迫的形态生理生化变化,和ii)检查NO和杀真菌剂CON处理对氧化损伤的影响,抗氧化系统,小麦幼苗中系统性杀菌剂的次生代谢和解毒。结果表明,CON杀菌剂在最高(4X)浓度下显著降低小麦幼苗鲜重(46.89%),枝条长度(40.26%),根长(56.11%)和总叶绿素含量(67.44%)呈剂量反应关系。此外,CON显著增加过氧化氢,丙二醛,过氧化氢酶,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶,和过氧化物酶活性,而谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量降低。这最终损害了细胞的氧化还原稳态,导致细胞膜氧化损伤。在杀菌剂处理下,NO的添加降低了杀菌剂的植物毒性,幼苗生长增加了60%以上。NO的施用减轻了CON的植物毒性,这反映在小麦叶片中叶绿素色素的显着增加(69.88%)和氧化损伤的减少。的确,NO缓解作用能够增加幼苗对杀菌剂的耐受性,导致抗氧化和解毒酶活性增加,GSH水平提高(78.54%)。有趣的是,NO通过苯丙素途径通过增强苯丙氨酸解氨酶等次级代谢酶的活性减轻CON植物毒性(47.28%),多酚氧化酶(9%),和相关代谢物,如酚酸(77.62%),小麦叶片中的黄酮类化合物(34.33%)。我们的研究提供了证据,表明NO通过增强抗氧化剂的活性在小麦中系统性杀菌剂的代谢和解毒中起关键作用。解毒和次级代谢酶。
Consento (CON) poses a significant environmental hazard as a systemic fungicide, adversely affecting the health of non-target organisms. Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, is known to play a crucial role in plant physiology and abiotic stress tolerance. However, whether NO plays any role to enhance fungicide CON tolerance in wheat seedlings is yet unclear. Therefore, we conducted a hydroponic experiment i) to investigate the morpho-physio-biochemical changes of wheat seedlings to fungicide CON stress, and ii) to examine the effects of NO and fungicide CON treatments on oxidative damage, antioxidant system, secondary metabolism and detoxification of systemic fungicide in wheat seedlings. The results showed that CON fungicide at the highest (4X) concentration significantly decreased wheat seedlings fresh weight (46.89%), shoot length (40.26%), root length (56.11%) and total chlorophyll contents (67.44%) in a dose response relationship. Moreover, CON significantly increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and peroxidase activities while decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) content. This ultimately impaired the redox homeostasis of cells, leading to oxidative damage in cell membrane. Under fungicide treatment, the addition of NO reduced the fungicide phytotoxicity, with an increase of over 60% in seedling growth. The NO application mitigated CON phytotoxicity as reflected by significantly increased chlorophyll pigments (69.88%) and decreased oxidative damage in wheat leaves. Indeed, the NO alleviatory effect was able to increase the tolerance of seedlings to fungicide, which resulted increments in antioxidant and detoxification enzymes activity, with the enhanced GSH level (78.54%). Interestingly, NO alleviated CON phytotoxicity through the phenylpropanoid pathway by enhancing the activity of secondary metabolism enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (47.28%), polyphenol oxidase (9%), and associated metabolites such as phenolic acids (77.62%), flavonoids (34.33%) in wheat leaves. Our study has provided evidence that NO plays a key role in the metabolism and detoxification of systemic fungicide in wheat through enhanced activity of antioxidants, detoxifications and secondary metabolic enzymes.