最近的数据分析显示,全球平均空气和海面海洋温度呈变暖趋势。大气和海洋变暖了,冰雪的数量减少了,海平面上升了,温室气体的浓度增加了。本文将重点介绍气候变化及其对有毒海洋和两栖生物的潜在影响。
环境回顾性分析,生态,以及关注气候变化的医学文献,毒理学,以及针对有毒水生和两栖生物的未来建模。物种包括有毒水母,有毒的鱼,荆棘冠冕海星,海蛇,和有毒的青蛙。
在几个预计的场景中,气温上升,极端天气,季节的变化会增加有毒人口的数量,特别是某些海洋生物,如水母和刺冠海星。预计会发生狮子鱼和海蛇的栖息地扩张。这些现象,随着人口的增加和沿海开发可能会增加人与动物的接触。其他物种,特别是两栖有毒青蛙,由于它们对任何温度变化或环境稳定性的细微变化的敏感性而迅速下降。如果温度在未来几十年继续上升到创纪录的水平,据预测,这些曾经丰富且对水生生态系统至关重要的动物的种群将减少,其地理分布将缩小。
研究气候变化对有毒海洋和两栖生物的影响和预测的文献综述表明,极端温度和气候规范的变化可能会对这些毒理学生物产生巨大影响。气候变化通过温度变化和沿海水域上升对这些物种的影响将对每个物种产生不同的影响,进而可能影响商业行业。旅行,旅游,和人类健康。
Recent analyses of data show a warming trend in global average air and sea surface ocean temperatures. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, the sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. This article will focus on climate change and projected effects on venomous marine and amphibious creatures with the potential impact on human health.
Retrospective analysis of environmental, ecological, and medical literature with a focus on climate change, toxinology, and future modeling specific to venomous aquatic and amphibious creatures. Species included venomous jellyfish, poisonous fish, crown-of-thorns starfish, sea snakes, and toxic frogs.
In several projected scenarios, rising temperatures, weather extremes, and shifts in seasons will increase poisonous population numbers, particularly with certain marine creatures like jellyfish and crown-of-thorns starfish. Habitat expansions by lionfish and sea snakes are projected to occur. These phenomena, along with increases in human populations and coastal development will likely increase human-animal encounters. Other species, particularly amphibious toxic frogs, are declining rapidly due to their sensitivity to any temperature change or subtle alterations in the stability of their environment. If temperatures continue to rise to record levels over the next decades, it is predicted that the populations of these once plentiful and critically important animals to the aquatic ecosystem will decline and their geographic distributions will shrink.
Review of the literature investigating the effect and forecasts of climate change on venomous marine and amphibious creatures has demonstrated that temperature extremes and changes to climatic norms will likely have a dramatic effect on these toxicological organisms. The effects of climate change on these species through temperature alteration and rising coastal waters will influence each species differently and in turn potentially affect commercial industries, travel, tourism, and human health.