背景:在全球范围内,只有五分之一的青少年符合体育活动指南,四分之三的学校时间是坐着度过的。目前尚不清楚哪些类型的基于学校的干预策略可以增加青少年的体育锻炼并减少久坐时间。或者这些干预措施的实施如何影响其有效性。
目的:我们系统评价的三个目的是:(a)确定在中学环境中使用的干预策略,以改善学生在整个学校活动中的运动行为,(b)确定干预措施(荟萃分析)对身体活动(所有强度)的总体影响,久坐的时间,认知/学术,身体健康和/或心理结果;(c)描述与干预实施相关的因素。
方法:在完整的MEDLINE中进行搜索,EMBASE,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,APAPsycINFO,和ERIC在2023年1月进行的研究(a)包括高中年龄的青少年;(b)涉及以学校为基础的干预措施,以增加身体活动和/或减少久坐时间;和(c)以英文发表。在获得足够数据的荟萃分析中汇总了报告的效果。
结果:85篇文章,代表61项干预措施,符合纳入标准,使用了23种独特的干预策略。涉及整个学校方法的干预措施(即,身体活动会议,环境改造,教师培训,同伴支持和/或教育资源)与大多数结果有利地相关。荟萃分析显示:(a)久坐时间的影响不显著(标准化平均差[SMD]=-0.02;95CI,-0.14,0.11),所有强度的体力活动(轻度:SMD=-0.01;95CI,-0.08,0.05;中度:SMD=0.06;95CI,-0.09,0.22;剧烈:SMD=0.08;95CI,-0.02,0.18;中度至剧烈:SMD=0.05;95CI,-0.01,0.12)和腰围(SMD=0.09;95CI,-0.03,0.21),和(b)体重指数有统计学意义的小幅下降(SMD=-0.09,95CI-0.16,-0.0)。51%的文章报道了与干预实施相关的因素。
结论:虽然一些干预方法显示出希望,在荟萃分析中发现了小效应或无效效应.未来的基于学校的干预措施应采用旨在增加青少年全天活动的全校方法。一致的执行情况报告将增加对如何采取干预措施的理解,实施和持续。
背景:PROSPERO(CRD42020169988)。
BACKGROUND: Globally, just one in five adolescents meet physical activity guidelines and three-quarters of the school day is spent sitting. It is unclear which types of school-based interventions strategies increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time among adolescents, or how these interventions are implemented influences their effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE: The three aims of our systematic review were to (a) identify intervention strategies used within secondary school settings to improve students\' movement behaviours throughout school-based initiatives, delivered at or by the school; (b) determine the overall effect of the interventions (meta-analysis) on physical activity (all intensities), sedentary time, cognitive/academic, physical health and/or psychological outcomes; and (c) describe factors related to intervention implementation.
METHODS: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE complete, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, and ERIC in January 2023 for studies that (a) included high school-aged adolescents; (b) involved a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and/or decrease sedentary time; and (c) were published in English. Reported effects were pooled in meta-analyses where sufficient data were obtained.
RESULTS: Eighty-five articles, representing 61 interventions, met the inclusion criteria, with 23 unique intervention strategies used. Interventions that involved whole-school approaches (i.e., physical activity sessions, environmental modifications, teacher training, peer support and/or educational resources) were favourably associated with most of the outcomes. The meta-analyses showed: (a) non-significant effects for sedentary time (Standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.02; 95%CI, -0.14, 0.11), physical activity at all intensities (light: SMD= -0.01; 95%CI, -0.08, 0.05; moderate: SMD = 0.06; 95%CI, -0.09, 0.22; vigorous: SMD = 0.08; 95%CI, -0.02, 0.18; moderate-to-vigorous: SMD = 0.05; 95%CI, -0.01, 0.12) and waist circumference (SMD = 0.09; 95%CI, -0.03, 0.21), and (b) a small statistically significant decrease in body mass index (SMD= -0.09, 95%CI -0.16, -0.0). Factors related to intervention implementation were reported in 51% of the articles.
CONCLUSIONS: While some intervention approaches demonstrated promise, small or null effects were found in meta-analyses. Future school-based interventions should utilize a whole-school approach designed to increase adolescents\' activity across the day. Consistent reporting of implementation will increase understanding of how interventions are adopted, implemented and sustained.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO (CRD42020169988).