骨关节炎(OA)是一种退行性关节疾病,其特征是通过炎症反应引起的不可逆的关节软骨破坏。在炎症刺激中,已知白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)通过刺激几种有助于软骨降解的介质在OA发病机理中起关键作用。最近,据报道,在小胶质细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞模型中,使用脂多糖和肿瘤坏死因子-α,但其对OA的有益作用尚未得到研究。这项研究旨在评估S.seratifolium(EESS)的乙醇提取物在SW1353人软骨细胞中的抗骨关节炎作用,并行,原代大鼠关节软骨细胞。我们的结果表明,EESS有效地阻断了IL-1β处理的SW1353和大鼠原代软骨细胞中活性氧的产生,这表明EESS具有有效的抗氧化活性。EESS还减弱了IL-1β诱导的一氧化氮(NO)和前列腺素E2的产生,这些细胞中的主要炎症介质,这与诱导型NO合酶和环氧合酶-2表达的抑制有关。此外,EESS下调IL-1β处理的SW1353软骨细胞中基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-1,-3和-13的基因表达水平,导致它们的细胞外分泌减少。此外,EESS可恢复IL-1β诱导的核因子-κB(NF-κB)的活化。此外,EESS降低了IL-1β刺激后p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/Akt信号通路的激活。这些结果表明,EESS有可能通过NF-κB的失活表现出抗氧化和抗炎作用,p38MAPK,和PI3K/Akt信号通路。总的来说,这些发现表明EESS可能具有软骨保护的潜力,和S.seratifolium提取物可能用于预防和治疗OA。
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by irreversible articular cartilage destruction by inflammatory reaction. Among inflammatory stimuli, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to play a crucial role in OA pathogenesis by stimulating several mediators that contribute to cartilage degradation. Recently, the marine brown alga Sargassum serratifolium has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in microglial and human umbilical vein endothelial cell models using lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α, but its beneficial effects on OA have not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic effects of ethanol extract of S. serratifolium (EESS) in SW1353 human chondrocytes and, in parallel, primary rat articular chondrocytes. Our results showed that EESS effectively blocked the generation of reactive oxygen species in IL-1β-treated SW1353 and rat primary chondrocytes, indicating that EESS has a potent antioxidant activity. EESS also attenuated IL-1β-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂, major inflammatory mediators in these cells, which was associated with the inhibition of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Moreover, EESS downregulated the level of gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 in SW1353 chondrocytes treated with IL-1β, resulting in their extracellular secretion reduction. In addition, the IL-1β-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was restored by EESS. Furthermore, EESS reduced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways upon IL-1β stimulation. These results indicate that EESS has the potential to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inactivation of the NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EESS may have the potential for chondroprotection, and extracts of S. serratifolium could potentially be used in the prevention and treatment of OA.