背景:选择性剪接(AS),转录后过程,导致基因组中有限数量基因转录本的复杂性,AS被认为是真核生物遗传和表型多样性的重要来源。在动物中,AS在细胞生长和分化过程中受到严格调控,它的失调与许多疾病有关,包括癌症。同样,在植物中,AS发生在植物生长发育的各个阶段,它似乎在响应环境压力的基因快速重编程中起重要作用。迄今为止,AS的患病率和功能作用已在动物和植物中进行了广泛的综述。然而,动物和植物之间的差异,特别是它们潜在的分子机制和影响因素,是轶事,很少被审查。
目的:这篇综述旨在扩大我们对AS在各种生物过程中的作用的理解,并提供对可能导致动物和植物之间AS差异的潜在机制和影响因素的见解。
■我们简要概述了AS调节在动植物生理和生化活动中的作用。然后,我们强调了植物和动物在AS过程中的差异,特别是分析了潜在的影响因素,如基因外显子/内含子结构,5\'/3\'未翻译区域(UTR),拼接体组件,染色质动力学和转录速度,剪接因子[富含丝氨酸/精氨酸(SR)蛋白和异质核核糖核蛋白(hnRNPs)],非编码RNA,和环境刺激,这可能会导致差异。此外,我们比较了动物和植物中无义介导的mRNA衰减(NMD)介导的转录本转换与过早终止密码子(PTC)。最后,我们总结了目前发表在动物与植物中的AS知识,并讨论了未来疾病治疗和优质作物的潜在发展。
BACKGROUND: Alternative splicing (AS), a posttranscriptional process, contributes to the complexity of transcripts from a limited number of genes in a genome, and AS is considered a great source of genetic and phenotypic diversity in eukaryotes. In animals, AS is tightly regulated during the processes of cell growth and differentiation, and its dysregulation is involved in many diseases, including cancers. Likewise, in plants, AS occurs in all stages of plant growth and development, and it seems to play important roles in the rapid reprogramming of genes in response to environmental stressors. To date, the prevalence and functional roles of AS have been extensively reviewed in animals and plants. However, AS differences between animals and plants, especially their underlying molecular mechanisms and impact factors, are anecdotal and rarely reviewed.
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to broaden our understanding of AS roles in a variety of biological processes and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and impact factors likely leading to AS differences between animals and plants.
UNASSIGNED: We briefly summarize the roles of AS regulation in physiological and biochemical activities in animals and plants. Then, we underline the differences in the process of AS between plants and animals and especially analyze the potential impact factors, such as gene exon/intron architecture, 5\'/3\' untranslated regions (UTRs), spliceosome components, chromatin dynamics and transcription speeds, splicing factors [serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs)], noncoding RNAs, and environmental stimuli, which might lead to the differences. Moreover, we compare the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD)-mediated turnover of the transcripts with a premature termination codon (PTC) in animals and plants. Finally, we summarize the current AS knowledge published in animals versus plants and discuss the potential development of disease therapies and superior crops in the future.