久坐植物寄生线虫的持续感染是全世界重要粮食作物的主要威胁。这些蛔虫操纵宿主植物细胞形态和生理学以建立复杂的摄食结构。在植物细胞转变为摄食结构期间对其的关键修饰在很大程度上归因于线虫分泌的效应物的活性。SPRYSEC效应子最初是在马铃薯囊肿线虫Globoderarostochiensis和G.pallida中鉴定的,并以单个SPRY域为特征,存在于具有不同功能的模块化蛋白质中的非催化结构域。SPRY结构域在真核生物中广泛分布,被认为参与介导蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。到目前为止,SPRY结构域仅被报道为植物寄生线虫效应子的功能结构域,但不是其他植物病原体。SPRYSEC效应子与植物免疫的抑制和激活有关,但是在线虫毒力中的其他可能作用仍未定义。这里,我们回顾了有关结构的最新报告,函数,和SPRYSEC效应子的序列多样性,这为将这些效应子作为线虫在寄生过程中靶向多种宿主蛋白的通用蛋白结合平台的模型提供了支持。
Persistent infections by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are a major threat to important food crops all over the world. These roundworms manipulate host plant cell morphology and physiology to establish sophisticated feeding structures. Key modifications to plant cells during their transition into feeding structures are largely attributed to the activity of effectors secreted by the nematodes. The
SPRYSEC effectors were initially identified in the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, and are characterized by a single SPRY domain, a non-catalytic domain present in modular proteins with different functions. The SPRY domain is wide-spread among eukaryotes and thought to be involved in mediating protein-protein interactions. Thus far, the SPRY domain is only reported as a functional domain in effectors of plant-parasitic nematodes, but not of other plant pathogens.
SPRYSEC effectors have been implicated in both suppression and activation of plant immunity, but other possible roles in nematode virulence remain undefined. Here, we review the latest reports on the structure, function, and sequence diversity of
SPRYSEC effectors, which provide support for a model featuring these effectors as a versatile protein-binding platform for the nematodes to target a wide range of host proteins during parasitism.