背景:SARS-CoV-2病毒通过其刺突蛋白的S1结构域与宿主细胞相互作用。这项研究测量了来自喀拉拉邦的COVID-19患者对该结构域的IgG免疫反应,印度,并探讨其与各种健康因素的关系。
方法:对258例COVID-19患者进行了针对S1刺突蛋白结构域的IgG抗体分析。IgG反应的时间模式及其与住院需求的相关性,重症监护,和糖尿病等预先存在的疾病,高血压,和冠状动脉疾病进行评估。
结果:检测到显著的IgG应答(76.4%),表明感染后强大的免疫激活。IgG水平在感染后两到四周和四到八周之间达到峰值,在12周时显著增加,暗示可能的二次暴露或免疫记忆反应。在IgG水平和糖尿病的存在之间没有发现相关性,高血压,或者冠状动脉疾病.然而,较高的IgG反应与感染的严重程度相关,如需要住院治疗或重症监护的患者所见。
结论:对S1刺突蛋白结构域的IgG反应是COVID-19免疫激活的潜在标志物。它反映了人体对病毒的防御机制,并可以预测疾病的严重程度和结果。研究结果表明,IgG水平可能是病毒载量的指标,炎症反应,可能还有防止再感染的可能性。
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with host cells through the S1 domain of its spike protein. This study measures the IgG immune response to this domain in COVID-19 patients from Kerala, India, and explores its association with various health factors.
METHODS: A cohort of 258 COVID-19 patients was analyzed for IgG antibodies targeting the S1 spike protein domain. The temporal pattern of the IgG response and its correlation with hospitalization needs, intensive care, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease were assessed.
RESULTS: A significant IgG response (76.4%) was detected, indicating robust immune activation post-infection. The IgG levels peaked between two to four and four to eight weeks post-infection, with a notable increase at 12 weeks, hinting at possible secondary exposure or an immune memory response. No correlation was found between IgG levels and the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or coronary artery disease. However, higher IgG responses correlated with the severity of the infection, as seen in patients requiring hospitalization or intensive care.
CONCLUSIONS: The IgG response to the S1 spike protein domain serves as a potential marker of immune activation in COVID-19. It reflects the body\'s defense mechanism against the virus and may predict disease severity and outcomes. The findings suggest that IgG levels could be indicative of the viral load, inflammatory response, and possibly the likelihood of protection against reinfection.