钙结合蛋白(CBP)通过缓冲和感应细胞内Ca2,调节哺乳动物中脑多巴胺(DA)能神经元的神经元功能,和囊泡释放。在鸟类中,等效的神经元集在歌曲学习中很重要,导演唱歌,求爱,和能量平衡,然而,这些神经元中CBPs的状态是未知的。在这里,第一次,我们探索CBPs的性质,即,Calbindin-,Calretinin-,Parvalbumin-,以及斑马雀中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)和黑质(SN)中的促分泌素表达DA神经元,Taeniopygiaguttata。腹侧中脑组织片段的qRT-PCR分析显示,与小白蛋白和促分泌素相比,Calbindin和CalretininmRNA水平更高。免疫荧光的应用显示VTA中的CBP免疫反应性(-i)神经元(前[VTAa],mid[VTAm],尾端[VTAc]),SN(compacta[SNc],和网状结构[SNr])。与VTAa相比,较高的Calbindin和Parvalbumin免疫反应性(-ir),在VTAm和VTAc中观察到较低的Calretinin-ir。Secretograin-ir高度本地化为VTAa。在SN中,在SNc中,Calbindin-和Calretinin-ir较高,SNr富含Parvalbumin,和Secretagogin-ir没有被发现。弱,中度,和强烈的酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)-iVTA神经元分别分为1、2和3亚型。虽然亚型1TH-i神经元既不是Calbindin-也不是Calretinin-i,80和65%亚型2和30和45%亚型3TH-i神经元共表达Calbindin和Calretinin,分别。所有TH-i神经元亚型共表达小白蛋白,与TH-ir相互关系。我们建议CBPs可能决定VTADA神经元的异质性,并在T.guttata中差异调节其活性。
Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) regulate neuronal function in midbrain dopamine (DA)-ergic neurons in mammals by buffering and sensing the intracellular Ca2+ , and vesicular release. In birds, the equivalent set of neurons are important in song learning, directed singing, courtship, and energy balance, yet the status of CBPs in these neurons is unknown. Herein, for the first time, we probe the nature of CBPs, namely, Calbindin-, Calretinin-, Parvalbumin-, and Secretagogin-expressing DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. qRT-PCR analysis of ventral midbrain tissue fragment revealed higher Calbindin- and Calretinin-mRNA levels compared to Parvalbumin and Secretagogin. Application of immunofluorescence showed CBP-immunoreactive (-i) neurons in VTA (anterior [VTAa], mid [VTAm], caudal [VTAc]), SN (compacta [SNc], and reticulata [SNr]). Compared to VTAa, higher Calbindin- and Parvalbumin-immunoreactivity (-ir), and lower Calretinin-ir were observed in VTAm and VTAc. Secretagogin-ir was highly localized to VTAa. In SN, Calbindin- and Calretinin-ir were higher in SNc, SNr was Parvalbumin enriched, and Secretagogin-ir was not detected. Weak, moderate, and intense tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-i VTA neurons were demarcated as subtypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. While subtype 1 TH-i neurons were neither Calbindin- nor Calretinin-i, ∼80 and ∼65% subtype 2 and ∼30 and ∼45% subtype 3 TH-i neurons co-expressed Calbindin and Calretinin, respectively. All TH-i neuronal subtypes co-expressed Parvalbumin with reciprocal relationship with TH-ir. We suggest that the CBPs may determine VTA DA neuronal heterogeneity and differentially regulate their activity in T. guttata.