全球范围内,健康被认为是一个蓬勃发展的行业,更强调高质量,问责制,和透明度。传统医学课程在临床学习期间主要依靠职员来训练临床技能,而临床前期主要用于教授基础科学。近年来,临床技能培训的早期引入受到了越来越多的关注。本文旨在确定和总结临床前阶段医学生临床技能的教学方法。即,(1)制定目标(2)学习活动,(3)评估策略。虽然临床导师的作用是确保学生通过不同的学习模式获得有效的临床前技能(讲座,介绍,和基于问题的学习),先进技术的作用,即,基于模拟的学习平台和游戏化被发现是非常成功的。提高沟通技巧,有强有力的证据支持角色扮演,同样,为了提高观察技能,在临床技能培训中引入美术非常有用。世界各地的医学院应高度重视开展有关培训和教学模式各个方面的教师发展计划,评估策略,提高对各种临床技能的评价。应为学生提供足够的学习机会,包括设备齐全的临床技能实验室和个人关注,和建设性的反馈应该给予学生在学习过程中建立他们的信心水平。
Globally, health is regarded as a booming industry with greater stress being laid on high quality, accountability, and transparency. Traditional medical curricula rely primarily on clerkships during the clinical period of study to train clinical skills, while the preclinical period is mainly used to teach the basic sciences. In recent years, the early introduction of clinical skills training has received increased attention. This review aims to identify and summarize teaching approaches of clinical skills for medical students during preclinical years, namely, (1) framing objectives (2) learning activities, and (3) evaluation strategies. Although the clinical tutor\'s role is to ensure that students receive effective preclinical skills through different modes of learning (lectures, presentations, and problem-based learning), the role of advanced technologies, namely, simulation-based learning platforms and gamification are found to be very successful. To improve the communication skills, there is strong evidence in support of role plays, and similarly, for enhancing observation skills, an introduction of fine arts in clinical skills training was found to be very useful. Medical schools worldwide should give high priority to conduct faculty development programs on various aspects of training and teaching modalities, evaluation strategies, and improving the evaluation of various clinical skills. Students should be provided with sufficient learning opportunities including a well-equipped clinical skills laboratory and individual attention, and constructive feedback should be given to students for building their confidence level during their learning process.