神经科学的当前理论强调了大脑中个体差异对青春期冒险行为发展的关键作用。然而,关于家庭风险因素与决策过程中风险的神经处理相关的发育途径知之甚少,最终导致健康风险行为。采用纵向设计,我们测试了神经风险处理,受家庭多风险指数的影响,预测延迟折扣和物质使用。
每年对157名青少年(年龄在1岁至13岁,52%为男性)进行3次评估。家庭多风险指数是通过社会经济逆境来衡量的,家庭混乱,和家庭冒险行为。延迟贴现是通过一项计算机化的任务来评估的,通过问卷调查数据得出的物质使用情况,在彩票选择任务期间,杏仁核中的血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)反应与风险相关的神经处理。
时间1的家庭多风险指数与时间3的青少年物质使用(在控制基线物质使用后)间接相关,这是通过提高杏仁核对风险的敏感性和更大的延迟折扣。
我们的结果阐明了神经风险处理在将家庭多风险指数和物质使用发展联系起来的过程中的关键作用。此外,与风险相关的杏仁核激活和延迟折扣是在高风险家庭环境中成长的青少年预防和治疗物质使用的重要目标.
Current theories in neuroscience emphasize the crucial role of individual differences in the brain contributing to the development of risk taking during adolescence. Yet, little is known about developmental pathways through which family risk factors are related to neural processing of risk during decision making, ultimately contributing to health risk behaviors. Using a longitudinal design, we tested whether neural risk processing, as affected by family multi-risk index, predicted delay discounting and substance use.
One hundred and fifty-seven adolescents (aged 13-14 years at Time 1, 52% male) were assessed annually three times. Family multi-risk index was measured by socioeconomic adversity, household chaos, and family risk-taking behaviors. Delay discounting was assessed by a computerized task, substance use by questionnaire data, and risk-related neural processing by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during a lottery choice task.
Family multi-risk index at Time 1 was related to adolescent substance use at Time 3 (after controlling for baseline substance use) indirectly through heightened amygdala sensitivity to risks and greater delay discounting.
Our results elucidate the crucial role of neural risk processing in the processes linking family multi-risk index and the development of substance use. Furthermore, risk-related amygdala activation and delay discounting are important targets in the prevention and treatment of substance use among adolescents growing up in high-risk family environments.