In Brazil, the judicialization of public health for access to medications has resulted in significant challenges to the management of public policies, especially at the municipal level. To evaluate the profile of drug litigations against the Campinas municipal health system from 2017 to 2021, this study analyzed the characteristics of litigants, medicine dispensation, and the timing of court decisions. A quantitative, analytical, and comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using data on the dispensation of 506 types of medications and 493 court cases. The analysis included sociodemographic, procedural, medical-sanitary, and pharmaceutical assistance management variables. The time of court decisions was assessed using the Kruskal‒Wallis test complemented by the Dunn test. The plaintiffs were predominantly adults, females, and self-declared students, and some cases involved nonresidents. Most of the lawsuits were represented by private lawyers, gratuitousness of justice and with decisions favorable to the plaintiff. However, only 43% of the patients obtained a preliminary injunction or early tutelage. The median time needed for a court decision from the date of case filing was 12 days until the granting of a preliminary injunction or early tutelage and 6.5 months until a judgment or dismissal without a decision on the merits. Approximately 32.4% of the medications dispensed by the judicial pharmacy already belonged to the list of the Brazil\'s Unified Health System in 2020; 46.3% were prescribed by their generic name; 75.5% had therapeutic equivalents, and 94.9% had marketing authorization from the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency. Judicialization in Campinas is an alternative way of accessing medications, but it is time-consuming and benefits only a small portion of the population (0.068%). The characteristics of the plaintiffs and judicialized medicines highlight the need to review health policies to promote equitable and efficient access to essential treatments for the population.

This is a documentary, exploratory, descriptive study, which is part of a multicenter international study assessing the national health systems with a care model based on primary health care of Brazil, Spain, Italy, and Portugal, funded by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, acronym in Portuguese). It aims to identify the basic health legislation, the right to health, and the doctrinal and organizational principles of each country with a focus on the impact of social determinants of health on the national health systems. The results showed these countries have similar legislation and doctrinal principles, with a constitutional right to health, based on primary health care, and with a care model of the family health type. The challenges identified were low birth rate and high life expectancy at birth in European countries and criteria for access to medication and care financing. Based on our findings, the countries with higher investment in a structural basis, ensuring more dignified, solid, and vigilant socioeconomic and sanitary conditions, provide an important differentiation in responsiveness and sustainability of the national health system and direct impact on the quality of life.
Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, exploratória, descritiva, partindo de um estudo multicêntrico e internacional entre Brasil, Espanha, Itália e Portugal sobre sistemas nacionais de saúde com modelo de atenção baseado na atenção primária à saúde e financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) do Brasil. Tem como objetivo identificar as legislações de base da saúde, o direito à saúde e os princípios doutrinários e organizativos de cada país selecionado com ênfase no impacto dos determinantes sociais de saúde sobre os sistemas nacionais de saúde. Os resultados revelaram países com legislações e princípios doutrinários semelhantes, com direito à saúde constitucional, ancorados na atenção primária à saúde, e com modelo assistencial de acesso do tipo saúde da família. Os desafios encontrados foram a baixa natalidade e elevada expectativa de vida ao nascer em países europeus e critérios para acesso a medicamentos e financiamento assistencial. Com base nos nossos achados, os países que tiveram maior investimento em base estrutural, perpassando por assegurar condições socioeconômicas e sanitárias mais dignas, sólidas e vigilantes, garantiram importante diferenciação na capacidade de resposta e sustentabilidade do sistema nacional de saúde e no impacto direto na qualidade de vida das pessoas.
Se trata de una investigación documental, exploratoria, descriptiva, parte de un estudio multicéntrico, internacional entre Brasil, España, Italia y Portugal sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Salud con un modelo de atención basado en la atención primaria de salud y financiado por el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) de Brasil. Tiene como objetivo identificar la legislación de base de la salud, el derecho a la salud y los principios doctrinales y organizativos de cada país seleccionado con énfasis en el impacto de los determinantes sociales de la salud sobre los sistemas nacionales de salud. Los resultados revelaron países con legislaciones y principios doctrinales similares, con derecho a salud constitucional, anclados en la atención primaria de salud y con un modelo asistencial de acceso del tipo salud de la familia. Los desafíos encontrados fueron la baja tasa de natalidad y la alta esperanza de vida al nacer en países europeos y criterios para el acceso a medicamentos y financiación asistencial. Con base en nuestros hallazgos, los países que tuvieron mayor inversión en base estructural, asegurando condiciones socioeconómicas y sanitarias más dignas, sólidas y vigilantes, garantizan una diferenciación importante en la capacidad de respuesta y sostenibilidad del sistema nacional de salud y en el impacto directo en la calidad de vida de las personas.

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UNASSIGNED: Brazil\'s Unified Health System (SUS) ensures universal, equitable, and excellent quality health coverage for all. The broad right to health, supported by the Constitution, has led to excessive litigation in the public sector. This has negatively impacted the financial stability of SUS, created inequality in children and adolescents\' access to healthcare, and affected communication between the healthcare system and the judiciary. The enactment of Law Number 13.655 on 25 April 2018, proposed significant changes in judicial decisions. This study aimed to investigate decision-making changes in health litigation involving children and adolescents following the implementation of the new normative model.
UNASSIGNED: The study is cross-sectional, analyzing 3753 national judgment documents from all State Courts of Brazil, available on their respective websites from 2014 to 2020. It compares regional legal decisions before and after the promulgation of Law Number 13.655/2018. Data tabulation, statistical analysis, textual analysis, coding, and counting of significant units in the collected documents were performed. The results of data cross-referencing are presented in tables and diagrams.
UNASSIGNED: The majority (96.86%) of legal claims (3635 cases) received partial or total provision of what was prescribed by the physician. The Judiciary predominantly handled these cases individually. The analysis indicates that the decisions made did not adhere to the norms established in 2018.
UNASSIGNED: Regional heterogeneity in health litigation was observed, and there was no significant variability in decisions during the studied period, even after the implementation of the new normative paradigm in 2018. Technical-scientific support was undervalued by the magistrates. Prioritizing litigants undermines equity in access to Universal Health Coverage for children and adolescents.

The WHO\'s World Health Day 2024 slogan, \"My health, my right,\" has been unpacked through the lens of an evolving social epidemiological understanding. The operative part of the theme merely reiterates international positions that have been established for a long and is unable to adequately incorporate advances in the understanding of the central role that structural determinants play in the production of ill-health. Given the urgency of addressing Sustainable Development Goal and Universal Health Coverage goals, the reduction of health inequities through the promotion of social justice is as much a governance imperative as moral.

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This article discusses a brief history of the concept of Right to Health, the concepts of rights and duties and why both are important and how, in healthcare, one\'s duty is another\'s right. The Rajasthan Right to Health Bill, 2022 is analysed and the shortcomings and issues in the Act are discussed. Suggestions to modify the Act and how the same can be implemented are given. In addition, a brief introduction to a successful scheme, the Tamil Nadu Innuyir Kapom Thittam- Nammai Kaakum 48 Scheme, with a similar aim is given. The article concludes that though the Right to Health Act is a noble initiative and is a necessary one; the Act, in its current version, has serious shortcomings and needs to be corrected.