在大多数真核细胞中,细胞核的形态大致为球形。然而,这种细胞器形状需要改变,因为细胞在细胞迁移过程中和在经历封闭有丝分裂的生物体的细胞分裂过程中,细胞穿过狭窄的细胞间隙。即,在不拆除核外壳的情况下,如酵母。此外,核形态通常在应激和病理条件下被改变,是癌症和衰老细胞的标志。因此,了解核形态动力学是最重要的,因为参与核形成的途径和蛋白质可以靶向抗癌,抗衰老,和抗真菌治疗。这里,我们回顾了酵母有丝分裂过程中核形状如何以及为什么会发生变化,引入新的数据将这些变化与核仁和液泡联系起来。总之,这些发现表明,细胞核的核仁结构域与自噬细胞器之间存在密切的关系,我们也在这里讨论。令人鼓舞的是,肿瘤细胞系的最新证据表明,核形态异常与溶酶体功能缺陷有关。
The morphology of the nucleus is roughly spherical in most eukaryotic cells. However, this organelle shape needs to change as the cell travels through narrow intercellular spaces during cell migration and during cell division in organisms that undergo closed mitosis, i.e., without dismantling the nuclear envelope, such as yeast. In addition, the nuclear morphology is often modified under stress and in pathological conditions, being a hallmark of cancer and senescent cells. Thus, understanding nuclear morphological dynamics is of uttermost importance, as pathways and proteins involved in nuclear shaping can be targeted in anticancer, antiaging, and antifungal therapies. Here, we review how and why the nuclear shape changes during mitotic blocks in yeast, introducing novel data that associate these changes with both the nucleolus and the vacuole. Altogether, these findings suggest a close relationship between the nucleolar domain of the nucleus and the autophagic organelle, which we also discuss here. Encouragingly, recent evidence in tumor cell lines has linked aberrant nuclear morphology to defects in lysosomal function.