背景:生命体征的纵向监测提供了一种识别个体总体健康状况变化的方法,尤其是老年人。夜间睡眠期提供了评估生命体征的便利机会。可以嵌入到卧室环境中的非接触式技术是非侵入性和无负担的,并且有可能实现生命体征的无缝监测。为了实现这种潜力,这些技术需要根据黄金标准措施和相关人群进行评估。
目的:我们旨在评估3种非接触式技术(2种床下跟踪器,Withings睡眠分析仪[WSA]和EmfitQS[Emfit];以及床边雷达,Somnofy)在睡眠实验室环境中,并评估其在现实世界中捕获生命体征的潜力。
方法:在睡眠实验室进行的1晚临床多导睡眠图(PSG)测试中,收集了35名社区居住的65至83岁(平均70.8,SD4.9)岁的老年人(男性:n=21,60%)的数据。之前是在家收集7到14天的数据。一些参与者(20/35,57%)有健康状况,包括2型糖尿病,高血压,肥胖,和关节炎,49%(17)患有中度至重度睡眠呼吸暂停,29%(n=10)有周期性腿部运动障碍。床垫下跟踪器提供了心率和呼吸率的估计值,而床边雷达只提供呼吸频率。将设备估计的心率和呼吸频率的准确性与PSG心电图得出的心率(每分钟心跳数)和呼吸电感体积描记术得出的呼吸频率(每分钟循环数)进行比较,分别。我们还评估了打鼾的呼吸干扰指数和呼吸暂停低通气指数。可从WSA获得。
结果:所有3种非接触式技术在1分钟分辨率下估计心率(平均绝对误差<每分钟2.12次,平均绝对百分比误差<5%)和呼吸率(平均绝对误差≤每分钟1.6个周期,平均绝对百分比误差<12%)方面均提供了可接受的准确性。所有3种非接触式技术都能够捕获整个睡眠期间心率和呼吸频率的变化。与PSG估计相比,WSA打鼾和呼吸干扰估计也是准确的(WSA打鼾:r2=0.76;P<.001;WSA呼吸暂停低通气指数:r2=0.59;P<.001)。
结论:非接触式技术提供了传统可穿戴技术的非侵入性替代方案,用于可靠地监测心率,呼吸频率,社区居住老年人的睡眠呼吸暂停。它们能够评估这些生命体征的夜间变化,这可以识别健康的急性变化,和纵向监测,这可以提供对健康轨迹的洞察。
■RR2-10.3390/clockssssleep6010010.
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal monitoring of vital signs provides a method for identifying changes to general health in an individual, particularly in older adults. The nocturnal sleep period provides a convenient opportunity to assess vital signs. Contactless technologies that can be embedded into the bedroom environment are unintrusive and burdenless and have the potential to enable seamless monitoring of vital signs. To realize this potential, these technologies need to be evaluated against gold standard measures and in relevant populations.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of heart rate and breathing rate measurements of 3 contactless technologies (2 undermattress trackers, Withings Sleep Analyzer [WSA] and Emfit QS [Emfit]; and a bedside radar, Somnofy) in a sleep laboratory environment and assess their potential to capture vital signs in a real-world setting.
METHODS: Data were collected from 35 community-dwelling older adults aged between 65 and 83 (mean 70.8, SD 4.9) years (men: n=21, 60%) during a 1-night clinical polysomnography (PSG) test in a sleep laboratory, preceded by 7 to 14 days of data collection at home. Several of the participants (20/35, 57%) had health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and arthritis, and 49% (17) had moderate to severe sleep apnea, while 29% (n=10) had periodic leg movement disorder. The undermattress trackers provided estimates of both heart rate and breathing rate, while the bedside radar provided only the breathing rate. The accuracy of the heart rate and breathing rate estimated by the devices was compared with PSG electrocardiogram-derived heart rate (beats per minute) and respiratory inductance plethysmography thorax-derived breathing rate (cycles per minute), respectively. We also evaluated breathing disturbance indexes of snoring and the apnea-hypopnea index, available from the WSA.
RESULTS: All 3 contactless technologies provided acceptable accuracy in estimating heart rate (mean absolute error <2.12 beats per minute and mean absolute percentage error <5%) and breathing rate (mean absolute error ≤1.6 cycles per minute and mean absolute percentage error <12%) at 1-minute resolution. All 3 contactless technologies were able to capture changes in heart rate and breathing rate across the sleep period. The WSA snoring and breathing disturbance estimates were also accurate compared with PSG estimates (WSA snore: r2=0.76; P<.001; WSA apnea-hypopnea index: r2=0.59; P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Contactless technologies offer an unintrusive alternative to conventional wearable technologies for reliable monitoring of heart rate, breathing rate, and sleep apnea in community-dwelling older adults at scale. They enable the assessment of night-to-night variation in these vital signs, which may allow the identification of acute changes in health, and longitudinal monitoring, which may provide insight into health trajectories.
UNASSIGNED: RR2-10.3390/clockssleep6010010.